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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/3632015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Neither Citizen Nor Subject? 'Lumpen' Agency and the Legacy of Native Administration in Sierra Leone
Fanthorpe, Richard
Article
<?Pub Caret1> The recent conflict in Sierra Leone presents a challenge for analysis. Elite elements have not had the prominence predicted by models of ‘warlord’ political economy, but alternative ethnic or religious nationalisms have yet to come forward to fill the lacunae in state governance. Scholarship focusing on ‘lumpen’ or ‘secular sectarian’ agency only serves to emphasize the conflict's apparent detachment from pre‐war patterns of politics and identity. However, it is argued in this article that long‐term exclusionary processes do in fact underlie these agencies. Here, the central issue is localizing processes of rural sociality. This phenomenon has roots in the pre‐colonial era, but it has been greatly exacerbated by regimes of ‘native administration’ originally imposed by British colonialism. In much of Sierra Leone, <it>de facto</it> citizenship remains a privilege for those domiciled in old villages registered for tax collection. Youths, itinerant workers, and other low status individuals inevitably find themselves in attenuating orders of precedence in access to basic rights and properties. The loss of identity implicit in this process no longer finds a compensating movement in modern education and employment. Here is fertile ground for the rapid growth of ‘lumpen’ agency and perhaps much of the chaos and brutality of the subsequent conflict.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/363
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.363
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Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/3872015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
'Forget the Rhetoric and Boost the Geopolitics': Emerging Trends in the Bush Administration's Policy Towards Africa, 2001
Schraeder, Peter J.
Article
<?Pub Caret1> This article assesses the Bush administration's self‐proclaimed ‘realist’ policy towards Africa, the essential thrust of which is captured by the motto: ‘Forget the rhetoric and boost the geopolitics’. Three essential elements of this approach include the strategic imperative of cultivating strong links with Africa's leading regional powers, most notably Nigeria and South Africa, harkening back to the Nixon administration's strategy of relying on such powers to ensure regional stability; building upon the Clinton administration's success in promoting US trade and investment with African countries, with a special focus on oil‐producing countries; and underscoring the need for Africans to ‘do more for themselves’ in the realm of conflict resolution, suggesting a low‐profile Bush administration approach to involvement in either peacekeeping or peacemaking operations. Emerging trends are analyzed by treating the US policymaking establishment as a series of three concentric circles: the inner circle of the White House; a second circle comprising the bureaucracies of the executive branch; and an outer circle inclusive of the US Congress and the larger African affairs constituency. An important result of White House and Congressional neglect of Africa is that the Bush administration's foreign policy towards Africa, perhaps more so than that directed towards any other region of the world, essentially will be delegated to the high‐level bureaucrats and political appointees within the executive branch, leading to an outcome best characterized as ‘bureaucratic incrementalism’ in which continuity rather than change will mark the administration's policies towards Africa.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/387
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.387
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Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4052015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Winners, Losers and Also Rans: Money, Moral Authority and Voting Patterns in the Ghana 2000 Election
Nugent, Paul
Article
<?Pub Caret1> In December 2000, Ghana underwent a Parliamentary election and two rounds of Presidential voting which culminated in defeat for the ruling National Democratic Congress. This was a historic moment because it was the first time the reins of power had changed hands by means of the ballot box. This article seeks to explain how the NDC failed to capitalize on all the advantages of incumbency. Part of the answer is sought in internal wrangling over the succession to Jerry Rawlings and a failure to permit primaries for the Parliamentary nominations. The net result was that the NDC fielded a Presidential candidate who did not enjoy the support of party headquarters, while the latter had itself alienated many grass‐roots supporters. On polling day, many traditional NDC voters either stayed at home or backed rebel candidates. The other half of the answer lies in the skilful campaign fought by the New Patriotic Party, whose slogan of ‘Positive Change’ appealed very directly to the young. The article proceeds to examine the pattern of voting and argues that the minor parties were comprehensively squeezed, that the NDC lost the election in the cities and key parts of the south, and finally that the NPP once again demonstrated its historic weaknesses to the north and east of the Volta. This pattern would suggest that there is everything to fight for in 2004.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/405
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.405
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4292015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Uganda's Referendum 2000: the Silent Boycott
Bratton, Michael
Lambright, Gina
Article
On the surface, the results of Uganda's Referendum 2000 suggest that voters rejected multiparty pluralism in favour of an inclusive, no‐party, ‘movement’ system. Yet, a public attitude survey conducted shortly before the referendum tells a somewhat different story. To be sure, Ugandans give credit to President Museveni and the National Resistance Movement for substantial achievements in office. But voters were not well informed about the referendum, confused it with an election of office‐holders, and were subjected to political and social cross‐pressures during the campaign. Because many citizens felt constrained to express themselves freely, they acted out their political preferences by abstaining from the polls. In short, among persons who sympathized with the idea of multiparty competition — but who were unwilling to side publicly with a stay‐away organized by established political parties — there was an extensive ‘silent’ boycott.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/429
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.429
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4532015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Revisiting Our Indigenous Shrines Through Mungiki
Wamue, Grace Nyatugah
Article
<?Pub Caret1> This article discusses the <it>Mungiki</it> movement's beliefs and practices as they relate to the traditional religion and cultural practice of the Gikuyu people. <it>Mungiki</it> is a Gikuyu word taken from the etymological root word, <it>Muingi</it>, to mean masses or people. The <it>Mungiki</it> is a fundamentalist movement with a religious, political and cultural agenda. It argues that, since African religion is discerned in terms of beliefs, ceremonies, rituals and religious officials, a conversion to other faiths is not practical. Its followers are therefore calling for re‐conversion from foreign worship to indigenous beliefs. Although the <it>Mungiki</it> is largely a Gikuyu affair, the sect expects to embrace all other Kenyans. It calls for the teaching of African indigenous values before any change can take place. In practice, <it>Mungiki</it> followers have denounced the Christian faith. The movement has adopted Gikuyu religion as a weapon to challenge political and religious authority, and has raised an outcry from religious leaders and government officials. <it>Mungiki</it> followers affirm that theirs is a religious and not a political movement.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/453
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.453
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4692015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Ambitions, Profits and Loss: Zimbabwean Economic Involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nest, Michael
Article
Accounts of recent Zimbabwean economic involvement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) focus on commercial activities by military officials and political elites, and suggest that these groups' business interests precipitated Zimbabwe's involvement in the conflict. Such accounts obscure the real scope and extent of interest by the Zimbabwean business community in the DRC and ignore the historical context in which economic involvement has occurred, as well as the difficulties. Based on interviews with Zimbabwean entrepreneurs and government officials, this article analyses the circumstances under which entrepreneurs sought opportunities in a nation virtually unknown to Zimbabweans prior to 1997. It explores the effect of poor domestic economic conditions and previous Zimbabwean military involvement (but subsequent lack of business penetration) in Mozambique, on government and business resolve to exploit opportunities in the DRC. Further, it argues that military involvement was not initially motivated by profit. Rather, entrepreneurs followed military actors once military networks were in place, as entrepreneurs (and military personnel themselves) realized the commercial value of these networks.
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.469
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4912015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Royal African Society
Notes and News
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/491
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.491
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4932015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
The British Intellectual Engagement with Africa in the Twentieth Century, edited by Douglas Rimmer and Anthony Kirk-Greene. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 2000. xii + 267 pp. {pound}45.00 hardback. ISBN 0-333-69593.
Rathbone, Richard
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/493
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.493
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4942015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
History and Memory in the Age of Enslavement. Becoming Merina in Highland Madagascar, 1770-1822, by Pier Larson. Oxford: James Currey, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann; and Cape Town: David Philip, 2000. xxxii + 414 pp. $24.95 paperback. ISBN 0-325-00216-9.
Middleton, Karen
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/494
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.494
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4962015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Seychelles since 1770: History of a slave and post-slavery society, by Deryck Scarr. London: Hurst, 2000. vii + 232 pp. {pound}16.50 paperback. ISBN 1-85065-364-X.
Teelock, Vijaya
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.496
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4972015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
'I Will Not Eat Stone': A women's history of colonial Asante, by Jean Allman and Victoria Tashjian. Oxford: James Currey; Portsmouth, OH: Heinemann; and Cape Town: David Philip. 2000. xlvi + 255pp. $24.95 paperback. ISBN 0-325-07000-8.
Berry, Sara
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/497
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.497
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/499-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Recalling the Belgian Congo: Conversations and introspection, by Marie-Benedicte Dembour. Oxford and New York: Berghahn Books, 2000. xx + 235 pp. {pound}45.00 hardback. ISBN 1-57181-945-2.
Kirk-Greene, Anthony
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/499-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.499a
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/4992015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
A Stroke of Unbelievable Luck, by Isaac Fadoyebo, edited and with an introduction by David Killingray. Madison, WI: African Studies Program, University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. xiii+ 70 pp. $15.00 paperback. ISBN 0-942615-42-5.
Shepperson, George
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/499
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.499
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5022015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Beyond Rights Talk and Culture Talk: Comparative essays on the politics of rights and culture, edited by Mahmood Mamdani. Cape Town: David Philip Publishers, 2000. 170 pp. {pound}12.95 paperback. ISBN 0-86486-429-9.
Chabal, Patrick
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/502
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.502
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5032015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
The UDF: A history of the United Democratic Front in South Africa 1983-1991, by Jeremy Seekings. Oxford: James Currey and Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2000. {pound}15.95 paperback. ISBN 0-85255-842-2.
Williams, Paul
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/503
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.503
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5042015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
On Borders: Perspectives on international migration in southern Africa, edited by David McDonald. Cape Town: Southern African Migration Project/ Idasa and New York: St Martin's Press, 2000. xiv + 303 pp. US$11.50 paperback. ISBN 1-874864-94-2.
Ansell, Nicola
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/504
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.504
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5062015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
This House Has Fallen: Midnight in Nigeria, by Karl Maier. New York: Public Affairs, 2000. 327 pp. $26.00 hardback. ISBN 1-891620-60-6.
Pegg, Scott
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/506
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.506
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5072015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
The Political Plight of Zanzibar, edited by T. L. Maliyamkono. Dar es Salaam: Tema Publishers Company Ltd, 2000. xiv + 255 pp. T Shs. 6,000 paperback. ISBN 9987-25-021-5.
Cameron, Greg
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.507
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5082015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Demobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The development and security impacts, edited by Kees Kingma. New York: St Martins' Press and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2000. xi + 26pp. ISBN 0-333-78986-5.
Jackson, Richard
Review
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/508
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.508
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5112015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
Bibliography
Barringer, T A
Bibliography
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/511
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.511
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:afrafj:100/400/5182015-05-11HighWireOUPafrafj:100:400
A Select List of Articles on Africa Appearing in Non-Africanist Periodicals
Townsend, R J
Select Bibliography
Oxford University Press
2001-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://afraf.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/100/400/518
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/100.400.518
en
Copyright (C) 2001, Royal African Society