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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1032015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Association of Physical Activity with Coronary Risk Factors and Physical Ability: Twenty-year Follow-up of a Cohort of Finnish Men
MARTI, BERNARD
PEKKANEN, JUHA
NISSINEN, AULIKKI
KETOLA, ARTO
KIVELÄ, SIRKKA-LIISA
PUNSAR, SVEN
KARVONEN, MARTTI J.
Articles
The association of physical activity with coronary risk factors and self-reported physical ability was studied in a cohort of 331 healthy Finnish men aged 45–64 years at entry, representing the survivors of a 20-year longitudinal study from 1964 to 1984. Baseline physical activity was not significantly related to levels of coronary risk factors at subsequent 5-year, 10-year or 20-year follow-up examinations. The 72 who increased their physical activity during the study period smoked less at 20-year follow-up than those who remained sedentary (p = 0.03). No other significant associations between 20-year changes of physical activity and coronary risk factors were seen. Although baseline physical activity was not, physical activity and exercise at 20-year follow-up were positively related to indices of functional capacity assessed at the end of the study period, when the subjects had reached a mean age of 73 years. It is concluded from this long-term study that a relative increase of physical activity between middle and old age is associated with both less smoking and a maintained high level of physical ability.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/103
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.103
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1102015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Assessment of Postural Hypotension in Elderly Patients
MACRAE, A. D.
BULPITT, C. J.
Articles
Change in blood pressure on standing was measured in 23 geriatric inpatients during the morning. The fall in systolic blood pressure was found to be greatest 30 s after standing, at 9.3±3.3 (SEM) mmHg and had returned to the supine levels within 2 min. In contrast, the diastolic pressure rose to a maximum of 9.7±1.8 mmHg by 2 mm. In 13 patients the measurements were repeated in the afternoon after lunch. The systolic blood pressure drop was significantly greater: 20.8±3.6 against 7.1±2.0 mmHg in the morning (p=0.01). Standardization of the time after standing and time of day of measurement may allow more precise comparisons of different studies.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/110
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.110
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1132015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
The Relation Between Height, Armspan and Forced Expiratory Volume in Elderly Women
ALLEN, S. C.
Articles
Loss of height occurs with ageing. This could distort the relation between height and forced expiratory volume in Is (FEV<inf>1</inf>) as age increases. Armspan, which approximates to height at maturity, does not fall with age and might, therefore, be a better linear variable to compare with age and spirometric volumes in older people. We studied the relation between age, height, armspan and FEV<inf>1</inf> in 150 women aged 60–91 years. The mean value of span minus height was 4.7 cm (range -5 to + 17). Standardized FEV<inf>1</inf> (SD) in 5-year age bands between 60 and 80+ fell as follows: 1.79(0.52)1, 1.62(0.49)1, 1.38(0.41)1, 1.32(0.44)1, 1.15(0.48)1. When re-standardized using armspan, the values were: 1.76(0.48)1, 1.59(0.53)1, 1.37(0.46)1, 1.29(0.47)1, 1.11(0.54)1. The differences between the two standardized values in each age band were not significant. It was concluded that span measurements offer no advantage over height measurements in cross-sectional population studies of lung volume in old age. However, in subjects who cannot have their height measured, or who are known to have lost a substantial amount of height, armspan is a reasonable substitute measure of body size from which to calculate predicted FEV<inf>1</inf> values.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/113
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.113
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1172015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Factors Influencing Persistent Subjective Insomnia in Old Age: a Follow-up Study of Good and Poor Sleepers aged 65 to 74
MORGAN, KEVIN
HEALEY, DIANE W.
HEALEY, PATRICK J.
Articles
Of 82 subjective insomniacs aged 65–74 years identified during a community survey and classified on the basis of self-reported sleep quality, 69 (84%) continued to complain of poor sleep when re-interviewed 18–24 months later. When compared with a control group of similarly stable ‘good sleepers’ (n=64) drawn from the same community sample these persistent subjective insomniacs showed significantly higher levels of constitutional (trait) and transitory (state) anxiety, and neuroticism. Discriminant analysis indicated that elevated levels of neuroticism, reduced health status (as measured by the number of drugs prescribed) and relatively high levels of tea consumption were most closely associated with persistent complaints of poor sleep. Thus, despite the existence of health problems as a major cause of sleep disturbance in later life, personality factors appear to exert a pervasive influence on subjective sleep quality among the ‘younger’ elderly.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/117
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.117
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1232015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
The Relation of Age to the Acute Effects of Ethanol on Acetanilide Disposition
WYNNE, HILARY A.
MUTCH, ELAINE
WILLIAMS, FAITH M.
JAMES, O. F. W.
RAWLINS, M. D.
WOODHOUSE, K. W.
Articles
The activity of the major drug-metabolizing enzymes, the mono-oxygenases, can be inhibited by an acute dose of ethanol. We set out to determine whether age has any relation to the degree of inhibition produced by ethanol, using acetanilide as a model substrate. Eight healthy young subjects (mean age 26 years) and eight healthy elderly subjects (mean age 72 years) were studied on two occasions, once receiving acetanilide alone and once acetanilide with 75 ml vodka (30 g ethanol). The clearance of acetanilide was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the elderly subjects at 27±31/h compared to 38±21/h in young subjects. No age-related differences in peak blood ethanol concentrations or ethanol elimination rates were noted. After ethanol, acetanilide clearance fell 18% to 31±31/h in young subjects (p=0.05) and by 15% to 23±21/h in elderly subjects (p=0.08) This suggests that the elderly do not suffer greater impairment of drug oxidation after acute ethanol ingestion than do the young.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/123
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.123
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1272015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Age-associated Changes in the Kidney of the Laboratory Mouse
DAVIES, IOAN
FOTHERINGHAM, ANDREW P.
FARAGHER, BRIAN E.
Articles
This paper describes a qualitative and quantitative morphological investigation of the kidneys of male laboratory mice without macroscopic pathology at 6, 12, 24 and 34 months of age. In the 6- and 12- month old adults there were no signs of microscopic pathological changes in either the kidney cortex or medulla. However, at 24 and 34 months of age minor pathology, such as focal interstitial inflammation, was detected. In both these age groups there were a few glomeruli with sclerotic changes. There were no significant differences in the total volume of the kidneys, cortex, medulla or other structures with age. There was a significant increase in the diameter of the glomeruli with age but no change in the total numbers of glomeruli. The increase in volume of the glomerulus appears to be due to cellular components rather than changes in the blood vessels. It is concluded that in animals without macroscopic pathological changes there are only minor alterations in kidney Structure with age, and that any alterations which do take place occur very late in the life span.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/127
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.127
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1342015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients aged over Seventy
BERISA, F.
McGONIGLE, R. J. S.
BEAMAN, M.
MICHAEL, J.
ADU, D.
Articles
Thirteen patients with end-stage renal disease aged 70 years have been successfully treated by chronic dialysis treatment. Despite many problems associated with the elderly, a good quality of life was achieved.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/134
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.134
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1362015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Hypothesis: Charges to Patients Impair the Quality of Dental Care for Elderly People
BIRCH, STEPHEN
Articles
Data on National Health Service (NHS) dental care utilization by the elderly are analysed to consider the distribution of dental care according to the charge status of the patient. Considerable and significant differences are observed in the type and amount of dental care provided to elderly patients exempt and not exempt from patient charges. Consideration is given to alternative explanations of the observed distribution and the implications for the performance of the NHS with regard to objectives.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/136
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.136
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/141-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
COLEMAN, PETER
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/141-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.141-a
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/141-b2015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
JACOBY, ROBIN
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/141-b
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.141-b
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1412015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
GRUNDY, EMILY
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/141
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.141
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/142-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
KATONA, C.
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/142-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.142-a
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1422015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
ARIE, TOM
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/142
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.142
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/143-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
BROOKE, BRYAN N.
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/143-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.143-a
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1432015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
LIVESLEY, BRIAN
Book Reviews
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/143
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.143
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/1442015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Book Reviews
Books Received
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/144
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.144
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/732015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Ageing of the Population: Measuring the Need for Care
KAY, D. W. K.
Commentary
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/73
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.73
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/772015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Mental and Physical Health of Elderly People: Five-year Follow-up of a Total Population
JAGGER, CAROL
CLARKE, MICHAEL
COOK, AMANDA J.
Articles
The change in mental and physical functioning over 5 years for 594 survivors of a community survey of the elderly is described. An increase in cognitive impairment, physical disability and incontinence over the period was found with increasing age. Women in the two oldest age groups had a significantly greater increase in physical disability than men. An annual incidence of cognitive impairment of 1.4$$$ was found and the implications of this are discussed.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/77
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.77
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/832015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
The Association between Visual Impairment and Mortality in Elderly People
THOMPSON, J. R.
GIBSON, J. M.
JAGGER, C.
Articles
By linking together the results from two surveys of elderly people in an English community it has been possible to consider visual impairment as a possible risk factor for mortality in people aged 75 years and over. Although minor degrees of visual impairment are associated with an increased mortality rate, blind people survive better than those with less serious visual impairments. Associations are considered between visual impairment and other known risk factors for mortality in the elderly. Visual impairment is shown to be associated with degree of social contact, whether a person lives alone, dementia score, physical activity score and number of unmet needs.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/83
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.83
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/892015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
Pragmatic and Explanatory Trials in the Evaluation of the Experimental National Health Service Nursing Homes
BOND, JOHN
ATKINSON, ANN
GREGSON, BARBARA A.
NEWELL, DAVID J.
Articles
This paper reviews the issues which arose in the design of a randomized controlled trial of three experimental National Health Service nursing homes. Problems associated with the implementation of the trial included ethical issues, choice of sample size and recruitment of subjects to the trial, choice and validity of measures of outcome, evaluation of outcomes and replicability of findings. The distinction between explanatory and pragmatic trials is shown to overcome some of these problems.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/89
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.89
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:18/2/962015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:18:2
The Implementation of a Multicentred Randomized Controlled Trial in the Evaluation of the Experimental National Health Service Nursing Homes
BOND, JOHN
GREGSON, BARBARA A.
ATKINSON, ANN
NEWELL, DAVID J.
Articles
This paper reviews the implementation of a pragmatic multicentred randomized controlled trial in the evaluation of three experimental nursing homes. The organization of services for the care of elderly people varied between the three centres, and each used different criteria for selecting subjects for the trial and different methods of seeking informed consent. Data presented show that in each centre two truly randomized samples have been selected. However, differences between centres, in the characteristics of selected subjects, reflect the implementation of the trials in each of the centres. These findings emphasize the importance of good collaboration between health professionals providing the service, an independent research team, and the establishment of rigorous criteria for inclusion and exclusion of subjects at the outset.
Oxford University Press
1989-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/18/2/96
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/18.2.96
en
Copyright (C) 1989, British Geriatrics Society