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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1332015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
'NEURONAL FALL-OUT' IN THE AGEING BRAIN: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE QUANTITATIVE DATA
HANLEY, T.
Articles
All the available numerical information on reduction of neurones with advancing age—20 papers in all from 1894 to 1972—is critically reviewed. Only two studies (from the same laboratory) deal specifically with the human cerebral cortex: they show a steady, progressive loss of neurones throughout adult life. Of the remaining 18 studies, eight more concern man. Two deal with the cerebellum and give conflicting results. The rest concern discrete nuclei or ganglia: the effects of age are again inconsistent, but in the majority there was no reduction of neurones with advancing age. The remaining 10 papers concern animals (rodents, five; insects, three; ape, one and amphibia, one). Only two deal with the cerebral cortex as such. No consistent pattern of neurone loss emerged from these animal studies. The relevance of the data reviewed to the problem of human cortical neurone fall-out in human dementia is discussed.
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/133
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.133
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1522015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
EVALUATION OF A TEN-QUESTION MENTAL TEST IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY
QURESHI, K. N.
HODKINSON, H. M.
Articles
An abbreviated mental test of ten questions of orientation and memory derived from the longer Roth-Hopkins test, was evaluated in a group of elderly institutionalized patients. The shorter test proved more convenient and acceptable and gave results which were closely comparable to the longer test. This modified test is recommended as being suitable in assessing the elderly in institutional care.
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/152
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.152
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1582015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
NUTRITION OF THE ELDERLY AT HOME I. INTAKES OF ENERGY, PROTEIN, CARBOHYDRATES AND FAT
MACLEOD, CATRIONA C.
JUDGE, T. G.
CAIRD, F. I.
Articles
In a study of the nutrition of 77 men and 187 women over the age of 65 living at home, a 7-day dietary record was used to determine intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, sucrose and fat. Mean intakes were less in women than men, and (except for sucrose) fell slightly with age. These differences were abolished by expressing intakes on the basis of lean body mass. There was wide variation around each mean value. Mean intakes of energy were 2300 kcal/day (9.7 MJ/day) in men, and 1750 kcal/day (7.3 MJ/day) in women. The principal sources of energy were biscuits and cakes, bread, milk, meat, and fats and oils. Men derived more of their energy from bread, and women from biscuits and cakes. Mean protein intakes were 78 g/day in men, and 60 g/day in women, protein providing 14–15 per cent of energy intake. Animal protein intake averaged 54 g/day in men and 43 g/day in women. The principal sources of protein were meat, milk, bread, and biscuits and cakes. Mean carbohydrate intakes were 265 g/day in men and 194 g/day in women. Sucrose intake averaged 76 g/day and 54 g/day, and fat intakes 107 g/day and 86 g/day, respectively. Men derived significantly more of their fat intake from margarine, and less from butter, than did women. Of 31 subjects who fulfilled one or more criteria of a low energy or protein intake, 15 were substantially overweight, but a diagnosis of malnutrition could possibly have been made in three or four of the remainder (2 per cent of the total sample). The findings are discussed in the light of the national survey reported by the Panel on Nutrition of the Elderly (1972).
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/158
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.158
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1672015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
DIETARY INTAKE AND URINARY EXCRETION OF POTASSIUM IN THE ELDERLY
JUDGE, T. G.
CAIRD, F. I.
LEASK, R. G. S.
MACLEOD, CATRIONA C.
Articles
Dietary potassium intake was estimated in 46 men and 88 women randomly selected from people aged 65 and over living in their own homes, and 24-hour urinary potassium, creatinine, and urea excretions were determined. The mean dietary potassium intake was 71 mEq/day in men and 54 mEq/day in women. There was a decline with age in both sexes. The sex and age differences were eliminated by expression of dietary potassium intake per unit lean body mass. Urinary potassium excretion averaged 51 mEq/day in men and 44 mEq/day in women, and again the sex difference and decline with age were abolished by expression of urinary potassium per unit lean body mass. There were highly significant relationships between dietary and urinary potassium. Consideration of the regression lines of these correlations suggested that if faecal potassium losses were 5 mEq/day, a negative potassium balance would be inevitable if dietary potassium fell below 27 mEq/day in men and 35 mEq/day in women. These findings are discussed in the light of experimental studies on dietary potassium restriction in man.
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/167
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.167
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1742015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
PSYCHOGERIATRIC ASCERTAINMENT AND ASSESSMENT FOR TREATMENT IN AN ACUTE MEDICAL WARD SETTING
BERGMANN, K.
EASTHAM, E. J.
Articles
One hundred elderly patients admitted to an acute medical unit in a general hospital were screened for psychiatric morbidity. Of the sample 7 per cent were demented, 16 per cent suffered from acute delirious states and 19 per cent showed evidence of a functional psychosyndrome of at least moderate severity. The findings suggest that organic psychosyndromes present for early assessment in this setting and that at least some of the patients with functional psychosyndromes were seen before the deleterious interaction of emotional disorder and physical ill health had become fully manifest. Some indicators permitting recognition of organic and functional psychosyndromes in the acute medical setting are given and preventative implications discussed.
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/174
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.174
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1892015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
ADRENAL RESPONSIVENESS IN AGEING BRATTLEBORO RATS WITH HEREDITARY DIABETES INSIPIDUS
BARNETT, J. L.
CHEESEMAN, P.
CHEESEMAN, J.
DOUGLAS, J. M.
PHILLIPS, J. G.
Articles
Levels of corticosterone were measured in the plasma of male and female Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) and normal rats of the same strain, both at rest and after 15 min ether stress, on animals between 37 and 138 weeks old. Levels of plasma corticosterone were significantly lower in DI rats at rest compared with the level in heterozygous control rats. In stressed rats there were no significant differences in mean levels of plasma corticosterone between rat genotypes, within sexes. However, in both genotypes the corticosterone levels were significantly higher in females, irrespective of treatment. Although the resting plasma corticosterone levels were drastically depressed in homozygous DI rats, there was no impairment of the response to stress; the adrenal glands of homozygous rats were significantly more responsive to stress than the corresponding heterozygous rats. Adrenal responsiveness was not a satisfactory parameter of ageing in this strain of rat.
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/189
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.189
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:ageing:3/3/1962015-05-19HighWireOUPageing:3:3
Book Review
LIVESLEY, BRIAN
Book Review
Oxford University Press
1974-08-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://ageing.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/3/3/196
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/3.3.196
en
Copyright (C) 1974, British Geriatrics Society