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SOCIETY'S RESPONSE TO ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND PROBLEM DEVELOPMENT
HORE, BRIAN D.
Articles
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/253
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
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ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF ALCOHOL IN MORTALITY, PARTICULARLY SUDDEN UNWITNESSED DEATH, IN MIDDLE-AGED MEN IN MALMO, SWEDEN
PETERSSON, BO
Invited Article
An analysis of the role of alcohol in death was made in an unselected population of middle-aged males in Malmö, Sweden. 347 deaths were investigated in the years 1975-1981 among males who had been invited to a preventive screening program. An alcoholic background was prominent in the males whose deaths were sudden and unwitnessed. In general, definite pathology was not demonstrable post mortem for such deaths. Their possible mechanisms are discussed.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/259
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/2652015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
HEPATIC LYSOSOMAL CATHEPSIN ACTIVITIES AFTER ACUTE ETHANOL ADMINISTRATION
DONOHUE, TERRENCE M.
DREY, MARY L.
ZETTERMAN, ROWEN K.
Articles
In order to determine whether acute ethanol administration produces alterations in hepatic lysosomal protease activities, male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either ethanol or iso-caloric glucose by gastric intubation and the free and total activities of cathepsins B, D, H and L were measured. Twelve hours after administration, the free (nonlatent) activities of cathepsins D and H were higher in ethanol-fed rats than in glucose-fed controls, indicating a slightly higher lysosomal fragility which probably resulted from a nutritional deficiency which was evident in ethanol-fed animals. Measurement of the total (latent plus nonlatent) activities of these cathepsins in detergent-treated homogenates revealed that only cathepsin H activity in ethanol-fed rats was higher than in controls. The results indicate that acute ethanol consumption causes little or no change in the total activities of the cathepsins examined. Thus previously-reported alterations in hepatic protein catabolism following ethanol administration are not related to changes in the activities of these lysosomal proteases.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/265
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/2712015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN ALCOHOLICS WITH AND WITHOUT CHRONIC SKELETAL MUSCLE MYOPATHY
DUANE, P.
PETERS, T. J.
Articels
There was a significant reduction in body mass index (15%) and creatinine-height index (22%) in the chronic alcoholics with atrophic quadriceps biopsies indicating significant loss of skeletal muscle protein. Various parameters of nutrition were assessed in chronic alcoholics with and without the commonly associated selective atrophy of type II skeletal muscle fibres, to determine if malnutrition is related to the muscle injury. Serum alkaline ribonuclease activity, a marker of protein nutritional status, was significantly higher in chronic alcoholics compared to controls, suggesting some degree of overall protein malnutrition. However there was no significant difference in this enzyme activity between alcoholics with and without atrophic muscle biopsies. Deficiencies of one or more of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, Vitamin B<inf>12</inf> and folate were found in half of the chronic alcoholics. There was no preponderance of such vitamin deficiencies among those patients with atrophic muscle biopsies. It is concluded that the quadriceps type II fibre atrophy is accompanied by a generalised decrease in skeletal muscle mass and that it is not primarily related to the patient's nutritional status.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/271
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/279-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM: The International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism
Articles
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/279-a
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/2792015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
ALCOHOL INTAKE CORRELATED WITH SERUM TRACE ELEMENTS
KÄRKKÄlNEN, PÄIVI
MUSSALO-RAUHAMAA, HELENA
POIKOLAINEND, KARI
LEHTO, JARI
Articles
Alcohol intake and serum copper, selenium, magnesium, iron and zinc were investigated in 85 subjects, 48 males and 37 females. Alcohol intake was measured with a questionnaire probing alcohol intake during the preceding 30 days. Mean average daily intake among males was 119.7 g (range 0–622.3 g) and among females 32 1 g (range 0–378.5 g), and the mean consumption per drinking day among males was 208.5 g (range 0–666.7 g) and among females 63.8 g (range 0–63.8 g). Among males alcohol intake per drinking day correlated positively with serum copper (r = 0.50; P < 0.001) and negatively with serum selenium (r = -0.49; P < 0.001) and magnesium (r = 0.40; P < 0.01). Likewise, among females alcohol intake per drinking day correlated positively with serum copper (r = 0.54; P < 0.01) and negatively with serum magnesium (r = −0.36; P < 0.05). Serum selenium concentration was negatively and significantly correlated with average daily intake (r = −0.34; P < 0.05) but not with intake per drinking day. No significant correlations were found between alcohol intake and serum zinc or iron levels. Only two men, both abstainers, had abnormally low serum zinc level, and two other men (average daily alcohol intake <37 g) and two women (average daily alcohol intake <15 g) had abnormally high serum iron level. Alcohol intake was associated with high serum copper and low serum magnesium and selenium levels.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/279
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
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THE LIVER PEPTIDES AFTER CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF ETHANOL IN RATS
FARBISZEWSKI, R.
GABRYEL, H.
Articles
The liver peptide fractions labelled with 3H-arginine after chronic administration of ethanol to rats have been analysed by gel filtration chromatography and tlc. Specific 3H-arginine radioactivity in the liver peptide fraction calculated per μg of α-amino nitrogen was significantly decreased by alcohol. The amount of peptide spots obtained by tlc in the ethanol-treated group was reduced in comparison with the control group. The findings suggest a change in the protein metabolism in hepatic dysfunction in rats receiving ethanol over a prolonged period.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/283
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
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INFLUENCE OF SEVERAL FACTORS ON BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATIONS AFTER DRINKING ALCOHOL
PIKAAR, N. A.
WEDEL, M.
HERMUS, R. J. J.
Articles
The influence of several factors on the blood alcohol course after drinking diluted ethanol was studied in young, healthy volunteers under strictly standardized conditions. These factors were sex, dose and concentration of the alcohol, physical exercise immediately after drinking, meal consumption before drinking and energy content and composition of the meal. In 18 blood samples, taken within 6 hr after alcohol ingestion, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was determined enzymatically. Concomitantly breath analyses were performed. In general, both methods gave similar results. Peak concentration and area under the blood alcohol curve increased with increasing dose. With the same amount of ethanol, peak concentration and area under the curve tended to be greater in women than in men. Consumption of a meal had an attenuating effect. The area under the curve was smaller after a high-energy meal than after a low-energy meal. Peak concentration depended on meal composition, increasing in the order high protein < high sucrose = high complex carbohydrate < high fat. A similar trend was observed for the area under the blood alcohol curve.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/289
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/2992015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
EFFECT OF ETHANOL ON NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION IN THE RAT DIAPHRAGM PREPARATION
WALI, F. A.
HAYTER, A. P.
Articles
The effect of ethanol on neuromuscular transmission in the isolated phrenic nervediaphragm preparation of the rat was studied by analysing its effect on directly and indirectly-elicited twitch tension, tetanic and post-tetanic twitch tensions, and on the phenomenon of post-tetanic twitch potentiation (PTP). The results show that ethanol (1.0 × 10−4-1.0 M) depresses neuromuscular transmission, by reducing the amplitudes of both directly and indirectly elicited twitch and tetanic contractions. Ethanol produces a greater reduction in the amplitude of indirectly than directly-elicited twitch tension and the mean concentration of ethanol which produced a 50% reduction was 38 mM. High concentrations of ethanol (> 10−3M) completely blocked the indirectly-elicited twitch tension in 4 min exposure. Ethanol also reduced the tetanic tension and increased the PTP value. There was no tetanic fade in the presence of ethanol, but the peak tetanic tension was reduced by 20–50%. It is suggested that ethanol inhibits neuromuscular transmission in the rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, possibly via a mixture of pre- and postjunctional mechanisms and produces a greater reduction in the twitch than tetanic tension.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/299
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/3052015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
THE PREDICTION OF HABITUAL ALCOHOL USE FROM ALCOHOL RELATED EXPECTANCIES AND PERSONALITY
JACKSON, CHRISTOPHER P.
MATTHEWS, GERALD
Articles
Two studies testing social learning theory predictions of habitual alcohol use in college students are reported. Study 1 (<it>N</it> = 96) investigated alcohol related expectancies and social desirability as predictors of habitual alcohol use. Higher habitual alcohol use was correlated with higher expected dominance, but this correlation was not modified by social desirability or subject sex. Study 2(<it>N</it> = 88) tested effects of personality traits on habitual alcohol use. Habitual alcohol use was positively correlated with EPI extraversion. Examination of extraversion sub-factors suggests that impulsivity and sociability independently predict drinking. The data indicate the strengths and limitations of alcohol related expectancy as an explanatory construct.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/305
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/3152015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
A COMMUNITY SURVEY OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
FARROW, S. C.
CHARNY, M. C.
LEWIS, P. C.
Articles
A survey by 150 trained medical students was carried out in 1986 on a random sample of adults from the electoral register of Cardiff. Hie survey explored attitudes, knowledge and behaviour over a wide range of health related topics. 4266 self-completed questionnaires were returned for analysis and this paper reports the answers to the question ‘how much did you drink last week’. The total units of alcohol were calculated and the drinking characteristics of the respondents are presented by age, sex, marital status, social class, accommodation and occupation. The contribution that such community surveys play in the development of local alcohol policy is discussed.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/315
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/3232015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
ACUTE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON POWER DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN MAN AND WOMAN
GUSTAFSON, ROLAND
Articles
An experiment was performed testing the hypothesis that the distribution of outcome power and process power among a male and female will change in favor of the male as a function of female alcohol intoxication. Dyads were randomly assigned to either an alcohol, a placebo or a control group and took part in a decision game. The respective influence on the actual decision outcome and on the decision process was estimated. Alcohol did not affect the distribution of outcome power and the process was only affected by a quantitative increase in number of utterances and discussion time. The results were discussed in relation to theoretical models and sex-role typing.
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/323
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/3312015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
CALENDAR
Calendar
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/331
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:23/4/3332015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:23:4
ANNOUNCEMENTS
Announcements
Oxford University Press
1988-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/23/4/333
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Copyright (C) 1988, Medical Council on Alcohol