2024-03-29T15:31:43Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/12015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Ritson, E. Bruce
Ratcliffe, Guy
VALEDICTORY MESSAGE
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/1
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh013
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/142015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
EFFECT OF NALTREXONE ADMINISTRATION ON SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN CHRONICALLY ETHANOL-TREATED OUTBRED RATS
Okulicz-Kozaryn, I.
Mikolajczak, P.
Kaminska, E.
Kaminska, I.
Szulc, M.
Bobkiewicz-Kozlowska, T.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of naltrexone treatment for 21 consecutive days on short-term memory in ethanol-preferring and non-preferring outbred rats. <b>Methods:</b> Ethanol preferring, non-preferring and control Wistar rats were treated with naltrexone [0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)] for 21 consecutive days. Short-term memory was assessed by using an olfactory social recognition test. <b>Results:</b> A single administration of naltrexone (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) to non-ethanol-treated animals facilitated social memory, whereas the drug did not affect short-term memory in either group of chronically ethanol-treated rats. Multiple naltrexone treatment also lowered alcohol intake in ethanol-preferring rats. <b>Conclusion:</b> Naltrexone–ethanol interaction does not seem to produce any negative effect on the short-term memory in outbred rats.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/14
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh010
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/22015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
ALCOHOL LICENSING LAWS: PROPOSALS FOR CHANGES IN SCOTTISH LAW
Ritson, Bruce
INVITED COMMENTARY
Scotland, England and Wales, and Ireland have each recently reviewed how licensing laws might influence the increasing levels of alcohol-related problems in each of these countries. Each legislature has arrived at somewhat different recommendations. Scotland may move towards liberalization, albeit within firm guidelines. It is unknown whether emphasis on local review, server training and some restrictions on bar venues offering discount pricing, will be sufficient to alter current trends in alcohol-related problems.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh006
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/202015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN ALCOHOL-METABOLIZING ENZYMES AND CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Verlaan, Mariette
Te Morsche, René H. M.
Roelofs, Hennie M. J.
Laheij, Robert J. F.
Jansen, Jan B. M. J.
Peters, Wilbert H. M.
Drenth, Joost P. H.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> Alcohol misuse is now regarded as an important risk factor for development of chronic pancreatitis (CP). However, not every alcohol misuser develops CP and it therefore might be suggested that susceptibility could be further influenced by inter-individual variations in the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. Several genetic polymorphisms that may affect the activities of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes have been described. Therefore we determined whether polymorphisms in the genes for alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (<it>ADH3</it>) or cytochrome P450 2E1 (<it>CYP2E1</it>) predispose to the development of CP. <b>Methods:</b> DNA samples were obtained from 142 adult CP patients with hereditary (<it>n</it> = 21), alcoholic (<it>n</it> = 82) or idiopathic (<it>n</it> = 39) CP. DNA from 128 healthy controls and from 93 alcoholic controls was analysed for comparison. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. Genetic polymorphisms in <it>ADH3</it> and <it>CYP2E1</it> were determined by PCR, followed by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analyses in all subjects. <b>Results:</b> The frequencies of <it>ADH3</it> and <it>CYP2E1</it> c1c2 genotypes did not differ between CP patients and alcoholic and healthy controls. However, a trend for a higher frequency of the <it>CYP2E1</it> intron 6 D allele was demonstrated in patients with alcohol-induced CP, compared to that of healthy controls (OR = 3.03, 95%CI = 1.0–9.1) or alcoholic controls (OR = 2.76, 95%CI = 0.9–8.7). <b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest that the presence of the <it>CYP2E1</it> intron 6 DD genotype might confer a higher risk of alcoholic CP.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/20
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh001
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/252015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
ASSOCIATION OF CHOLECYSTOKININ-A RECEPTOR GENE POLYMORPHISM WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE IN A JAPANESE POPULATION
Miyasaka, Kyoko
Yoshida, Yuki
Matsushita, Sachio
Higuchi, Susumu
Maruyama, Katsuya
Niino, Naoakira
Ando, Fujiko
Shimokata, Hiroshi
Ohta, Shigeo
Funakoshi, Akihiro
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> Cholecystokinin (CCK), one of the most abundant neurotransmitter peptides, interacts with dopamine. Dopaminergic neurotransmission between the ventral tegmental area and the limbic forebrain is a critical neurobiological component of alcohol and drug self-administration. CCK modulates dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens via the CCK-A receptor (R). We recently determined the transcriptional start site of the human CCK-AR gene, and detected two sequence changes (−81A/G and −128G/T) in the promoter region. The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of the −81A/G and −128G/T polymorphism of the CCK-AR gene between alcoholics and normal control subjects and the occurrences of the polymorphisms in subtypes of alcoholics. <b>Methods:</b> The above polymorphisms were examined in 435 alcoholics and 1490 control subjects. We excluded subjects with inactive ALDH2 and employed the subjects with ALDH2*1/2*1 (384 alcoholics and 792 controls). <b>Results:</b> The allelic frequency of −81G in the CCK-AR gene polymorphism (−81A/G) was significantly higher in alcoholics than in control subjects. However, there were no differences between the two groups with respect to the frequency of −128G/T. Alcoholic patients with antisocial personality disorder and with first-degree alcoholic relatives were significantly associated with a higher frequency of the −81G allele. In addition, the age of onset of alcohol dependence was significantly earlier in patients with this allele. <b>Conclusions:</b> The CCK-AR gene −81A/G polymorphism, especially in the −81G allele, may be associated with intractable alcoholism.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/25
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh002
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/292015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
DOWN YOUR DRINK: A WEB-BASED INTERVENTION FOR PEOPLE WITH EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
Linke, S.
Brown, A.
Wallace, P.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> To conduct a pilot study of the usefulness of Down Your Drink (DYD), a web-based intervention to encourage excessive drinkers to adopt a healthy pattern of drinking and reduce alcohol-associated harm. The DYD website was structured as a 6-week programme, derived from a manual which included elements of motivational approaches and cognitive behavioural therapy. <b>Methods:</b> Visitors whose responses to the Fast Alcohol Screening Test were positive, and those indicating excessive alcohol consumption, were encouraged to register. Users completed alcohol dependence and mental health questionnaires before the programme, and a drinking diary at each of the weekly sessions. Follow-up questionnaires were sent electronically to those who completed the programme, or who missed three or more sessions. <b>Results:</b> During the 6-month study there were 7581 visits to the site and 1319 registrations. Of the registrants, 61.8% completed week 1, and 6.0% stayed with the programme until the end. The 6% who stayed for 6 weeks provided encouraging feedback about the value of the site. Little information was obtained from those who dropped out, but some reported that the programme was too time-consuming. <b>Conclusions:</b> Web site interventions for excessive drinkers are feasible and merit evaluation of their effectiveness.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/29
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh004
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/332015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
CONCENTRATION OF FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTERS IN HAIR OF ALCOHOLICS: COMPARISON TO OTHER BIOLOGICAL STATE MARKERS AND SELF REPORTED-ETHANOL INTAKE
Wurst, Friedrich Martin
Alexson, Stefan
Wolfersdorf, Manfred
Bechtel, Gaby
Forster, Stephan
Alling, Christer
Aradóttir, Steina
Jachau, Katja
Huber, Peter
Allen, John P.
Auwärter, Volker
Pragst, Fritz
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> In a variety of clinical and forensic situations long term use of alcohol must be monitored. In this project we explore the utility of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in this regard. Additionally, we propose a cut-off value of FAEE to distinguish teetotallers/moderate/social drinkers from alcoholics or individuals drinking at harmful levels. <b>Patients and methods:</b> FAEE levels from 18 alcohol-dependent patients in detoxification were contrasted with those of 10 social drinkers and 10 teetotallers. FAEE in hair were determined, using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. C<inf>FAEE</inf>, as sum of the concentrations of four esters, was compared to a major FAEE, ethyl palmitate. PEth was measured in heparinized whole blood with a high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Drinking validation criteria include self reports, phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth) in whole blood as well as the traditional markers of heavy drinking, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT). <b>Results:</b> Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis for C<inf>FAEE</inf>, indicated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 90% for a cut-off of 0.29 ng/mg. By using a cut-off of 0.4 ng/mg, C<inf>FAEE</inf> identified 94.4% correctly. C<inf>FAEE</inf> and ethyl palmitate were significantly associated (<it>r</it> = 0.945; <it>P</it> < 0.001) as were C<inf>FAEE</inf> and PEth (<it>r</it> = 0.527; <it>P</it> = 0.025). No significant correlation was found between C<inf>FAEE</inf> and total grams of ethanol consumed last month, blood-alcohol concentration at admission to the hospital, CDT, MCV, or GGT. Among the serum and blood markers, %CDT identified 47.1%, MCV 38.8% and GGT 72.2% of patients with chronic intake of higher amounts of ethanol correctly, whereas PEth achieved 100% accuracy. <b>Conclusions:</b> The data suggest that C<inf>FAEE</inf> is a potentially valuable marker of chronic intake of high quantities of ethanol. Furthermore, the results indicate that a reasonable and provisional FAEE cut-off to distinguish between social/moderate and heavy drinking/alcoholism in hair is 0.4 ng/mg.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/33
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh005
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/392015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
TYPE OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE AND HIGH-RISK DRINKING: HOW RISKY IS BEER DRINKING IN KOREA?
Chung, Woojin
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> To examine the association of beverage type with high-risk drinking in Korea. <b>Methods:</b> Data were analysed from the Korea's 1997 behavioural risk factor surveillance system survey collected by a stratified random sampling method (<it>n</it> = 1045). After alcohol consumption per drinking day was categorized into three risk levels for short-term or 'acute' harm on the basis of the World Health Organization's guidelines, logistic regression analysis adjusting for socio-demographic factors was performed for each beverage type. <b>Results:</b> Using beer drinkers as the reference, those who drank soju (the most widely consumed traditional beverage in Korea) showed an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.28–5.76] for high and very high risk from drinking and those who drank spirits had adjusted OR of 10.65 (95%CI = 4.32–26.27). <b>Conclusions:</b> In Korea, unlike in many western countries, beer is not the highest risk beverage. The relatively high price of beer in Korea is likely to be one influence. It is concluded that country-specific differences are important in studies on associations between alcoholic beverage types and high risk drinking.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/39
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh015
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/432015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
DRINKING AND DRINKING PATTERNS AND HEALTH STATUS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF FIVE AREAS OF CHINA
Hao, Wei
Su, Zhonghua
Liu, Binglun
Zhang, Kui
Yang, Hanqing
Chen, Shaozhong
Biao, Meizi
Cui, Chun
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> To understand drinking patterns, health status related to drinking and the level of unrecorded alcoholic beverage consumption for the general population living in five areas of China in 2001. <b>Methods:</b> By cluster sampling, 24 992 community residents aged 15 years or older were interviewed by trained psychiatrists using structured questionnaires provided by WHO. <b>Results:</b> The 1-year drinking rate was 59.0%, and the point prevalence rate of dependence was 3.8%. The average annual consumption of pure alcohol was 4.47 l. The 1-year morbidity from gastritis/ulcer in the whole sample was 7.9%, which associated nonlinearly to alcohol intake, and heart disease and cerebral infarction/cerebral haemorrhage showed V-shaped curve relationships. <b>Conclusions:</b> The rate of alcohol use was higher in men than in women, and the annual alcohol consumption per capita was higher than that in the 1990s in the selected areas. Alcohol consumption plays a role in the development of alcohol-related physical diseases.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/43
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh018
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/532015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ETHANOL-INDUCED CHANGES IN BRAIN REGIONAL METABOLISM AND ITS MOTOR, BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS
Zhu, Wei
Volkow, Nora D.
Ma, Yeming
Fowler, Joanna S.
Wang, Gene-Jack
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims and Methods:</b> Acute alcohol administration induces marked decreases in glucose metabolism throughout the human brain. However, the relationship between alcohol's effects on brain metabolism and the behavioural changes that occur with intoxication are still unclear. Here we assessed this association using principal component analysis for dimension reduction and canonical correlations to gauge inter-class relationships. We also used canonical correlations in the polynomial space to assess for possible nonlinear relationships. <b>Results:</b> After normalizing the regional measures to account for the large whole brain decreases observed with intoxication we show that the largest decreases occurred in occipital cortex and that there were relative increases in basal ganglia. Principal component analysis of the changes in the normalized measures revealed that 60% of the variance was accounted for by two factors; one that contrasted cerebellum versus frontal and anterior cingulate metabolism, and another that contrasted basal ganglia and insula. The square of the first factor was significantly correlated with the deterioration in cognitive performance. The second factor showed a significant linear correlation with self-reports of intoxication and with deterioration in cognitive and motor performance. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings suggest that the contrasting effects of alcohol in basal ganglia versus the insula are involved in the perception of ‘feeling drunk’ and that its contrasting effects in cerebellum versus those in frontal and parietal cortices are involved in its motor incoordinating effects. On the other hand alcohol's impact on cognitive performance implicates a more complex pattern of brain effects that includes linear as well as non-linear associations.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/53
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh023
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/592015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
METHOD-DEPENDENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBOHYDRATE-DEFICIENT TRANSFERRIN MEASUREMENTS IN THE FOLLOW-UP OF ALCOHOLICS
Anttila, Petra
Järvi, Kimmo
Latvala, Jaana
Niemelä, Onni
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> There are only limited data comparing the diagnostic characteristics of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements in assays for excessive alcohol consumption under controlled conditions. <b>Methods:</b> We compared different CDT assays and the conventional laboratory markers of ethanol consumption, γ-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the assessment and follow-up of 36 alcoholics (31 men, five women, mean age 44 years), who were admitted for detoxification. Detailed interviews to assess the amount of alcohol consumption were carried out for each patient. A hospital follow-up with supervised abstinence for 8 ± 4 days (range 5–19 days) was carried out for 17 patients. Controls were 30 apparently healthy individuals (22 men, eight women, mean age 49 years), who had no history of hazardous drinking. <b>Results:</b> At the time of admission, the %CDT method, which excludes the trisialotransferrin isoform from the measurement, yielded elevated values in 69% of the patients, compared to 61% for CDTect. The corresponding sensitivities for gamma-GT, AST and MCV were 61, 56 and 47%, respectively. The self-reported alcohol consumption for a period of 1 month prior to admission showed a stronger correlation with the %CDT results (<it>r</it> = 0.59, <it>P</it> = 0.0003) than with the CDTect results (<it>r</it> = 0.36, <it>P</it> = 0.04), GT (<it>r</it> = 0.40, <it>P</it> = 0.02) or AST (<it>r</it> = 0.35, <it>P</it> = 0.05). During follow-up with supervised abstinence the mean %CDT values were found to show a slower rate to normalization (mean 14 ± 4 days) than the CDT values measured with the CDTect method (mean 10 ± 5 days) (<it>P</it> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The data indicate distinct differences and method-dependent rates of normalization in CDT assays, possibly reflecting different degrees of transferrin desialylation in the alcoholics. The present findings should be considered in studies on alcohol markers for monitoring abstinence.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/59
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh021
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/642015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
TRENDS IN ALCOHOL INTAKE BY EDUCATION AND MARITAL STATUS IN AN URBAN POPULATION IN RUSSIA BETWEEN THE MID 1980s AND THE MID 1990s
Malyutina, Sofia
Bobak, Martin
Kurilovitch, Svetlana
Nikitin, Yuri
Marmot, Michael
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> We investigated changes in the distribution of alcohol consumption by education and marital status in Russia during the period of societal transformation after 1990. Such changes would indicate the potential role of alcohol in the rising social inequalities in mortality. <b>Methods:</b> We analysed data from three surveys in random population samples conducted in Novosibirsk as part of the WHO MONICA project in 1985/86 (1533 men, 1292 women), 1988/89 (1700 men, no women) and 1994/95 (1526 men, 1510 women), coinciding with the period of societal transformation. Four measures of drinking were examined in relation to education and marital status: prevalence of drinking at least twice a week; the mean intake in the last week; the mean intake per drinking occasion; and the prevalence of binge drinking (>80 g ethanol for men and >60 g for women) at least once a month. <b>Results:</b> Among men, those with university education had the lowest levels of all measures of drinking. Drinking indices increased over time in all educational groups but most sharply in men with high education, thus leading to a smaller education-related difference in the last survey. With respect to marital status, divorced and widowed men tended to drink most, but the pattern was inconsistent, and the difference between divorced and married men also narrowed over time. Among women, alcohol intake increased between the first and last survey. Differences by education and marital status in women were smaller than in men, and binge drinking was inversely related to education. <b>Conclusions:</b> All indices of alcohol consumption in men increased between the mid 1980s and the mid 1990s. The increase in alcohol intake among men was proportionally similar across categories of education and marital status but the absolute differences increased. The contribution of alcohol to the increase in social differentials in mortality in the 1990s was probably modest.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/64
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh022
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/70-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Addiction Treatment: A Strengths Perspective
Heather, Nick
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/70-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh008
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/702015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Treatment Matching in Alcoholism
Chick, Jonathan
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/70
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh007
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/71-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Addiction -- evolution of a specialist field
Ritson, Bruce
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/71-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh011
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/71-b2015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Shame, Guilt and Alcoholism -- Treatment Issues in Clinical Practice, 2nd edn
Ritson, Bruce
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/71-b
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh012
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/712015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Under the Weather: Coping with Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Brewer, Colin
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/71
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh009
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/72-a2015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Addiction and Change: How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover
Farmer, Roger
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/72-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh019
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/722015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Craze: Gin and Debauchery in an Age of Reason
Madden, Spencer
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/72
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh017
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/732015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, and the Road to Recovery
Farmer, Roger
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/73
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh020
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:alcalc:39/1/82015-05-19HighWireOUPalcalc:39:1
PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOL FORMATION AND DEGRADATION IN HUMAN AND RAT BLOOD
Aradóttir, Steina
Moller, Kristian
Alling, Christer
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
<b>Aims:</b> To investigate the rate of formation and degradation of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in rat blood as compared to human blood, as a model for a biological marker for ethanol exposure. <b>Methods:</b> Rats were given 9% ethanol in liquid diet for 30 days. Control rats were pair fed with a control liquid diet. Blood and organs were analysed considering PEth formed <it>in vivo</it>. Blood from man, rat, pig and ferret as well as human HepG2 cells and rat C6 glioma cells were studied with respect to formation and degradation of PEth <it>in vitro</it>. PEth was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). <b>Results:</b> Most rat organs accumulated considerable amounts of PEth whereas no PEth was found in the blood. After <it>in vitro</it> incubations of blood with ethanol, PEth was only formed by human blood, in contrast to the other species studied. HepG2 cells and C6 cells, like human blood, formed PEth <it>in vitro</it> but only the two cell lines had enzymatic degradation of PEth. <b>Conclusions:</b> The rat is not suitable as a model for assaying PEth in blood as a consequence of ethanol intake. Human blood seems to be particular in its ability to synthesize PEth and to maintain a stable level of PEth due to the lack of degrading activity.
Oxford University Press
2004-01-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/39/1/8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agh003
en
Copyright (C) 2004, Medical Council on Alcohol