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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/12015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF CANCER DEATHS IN THE UNITED STATES1
DEVESA, SUSAN S
SCHNEIDERMAN, MARVIN A
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/1
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/172015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
THE FRAMINGHAM EYE STUDY: I. OUTLINE AND MAJOR PREVALENCE FINDINGS
KAHN, HAROLD A.
LEIBOWITZ, HOWARD M.
GANLEY, JAMES P.
KINI, MOHANDAS M.
COLTON, THEODORE
NICKERSON, RITA S
DAWBER, THOMAS R.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Kahn, H. A. (Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins U. School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MO 21205), H. M. Leibowitz, J. P. Ganley, M. M. Kini, T. Colton, R. S. Nickerson and T. R. Dawber. The Framingham Eye Study. I. Outline and major prevalence findings. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:17–32, 1977. During the period 1973–1975, 2675 out of 3977 still-living members of the Framingham, Massachusetts, study population, who have been under investigation for coronary disease risk factors since 1948 and who were in 1973–1975 aged 52 to 85, were given an eye examination stressing cataract, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and glaucoma. Of 2940 subjects who still lived in the local Framingham area, 2477 were examined. Local population prevalence for one or both eyes positive was: 15.5 for senile cataract, 3.1 for diabetic retinopathy, 8.8% for senile macular degeneration and 3.3% for open-angle glaucoma. The proportion of adults with poor “best” visual acuity may be much less than has been estimated by the National Health Survey and the proportion with open-angle glaucoma much more than currently suspected on the basis of foreign studies.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/17
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/332015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
THE FRAMINGHAM EYE STUDY: II. ASSOCIATION OF OPHTHALMIC PATHOLOGY WITH SINGLE VARIABLES PREVIOUSLY MEASURED IN THE FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
KAHN, HAROLD A.
LEIBOWITZ, HOWARD M.
GANLEY, JAMES P
KINI, MOHANDAS M.
COLTON, THEODORE
NICKERSON, RITA S
DAWBER, THOMAS R
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Kahn, H. A. (Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins U. School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205), H. M. Leibowltz, J. P. Ganley, M. M. Kini, T. Colton, R. S. Nlckerson and T. R. Dawber. The Framingham Eye Study. II. Association of ophthalmic pathology with single variables previously measured in the Framingham Heart Study. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:33–41, 1977. Using the age-sex-specific data collected in the Framingham Heart Study 1948–1964 together with ophthalmic diagnoses made in the Framingham Eye Study in 1973–1975, the following variables were found to be associated with senile cataract: education, casual blood sugar, systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, serum phospholipid and hand strength; with senile macular degeneration: systemic blood pressure, height, vital capacity, left ventricular hypertrophy, hand strength and history of lung infection; with diabetic retinopathy: casual blood sugar, urine sugar and other specific elements of diabetes; with ocular hypertension: systemic blood pressure, height, casual blood sugar and pulse rate. No variables were identified as associated with open-angle glaucoma. The paper stresses the need for corroboration of these findings, which may be a mix of real and chance associations, and the need for additional analyses before any of these associations are considered evidence of factors related to risk of ophthalmic disease.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/33
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/422015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
AN ESTIMATE OF THE PREVALENCE OF EPILEPSY IN A RURAL APPALACHIAN POPULATION
BAUMANN, ROBERT J
MARX, MARTIN B.
LEONIDAKIS, MARY G.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Baumann, R. J. (Department of Neurology, U. of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40506), M. B. Marx, M. G. Leonidakls. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:42–52, 1977. A descriptive study has documented what is felt to be a precise estimate of the prevalence of epilepsy in 1973 in the school-age population of Clay County, Kentucky, a rural Appalachian county. A 96% response rate was achieved from the target population of 5467. By utilizing an accepted definition of epilepsy, an experienced child neurologist and a carefully monitored survey method which required the cooperative efforts of school personnel, local public health nurses and community leaders, a prevalence significantly greater than that previously reported from other areas of this country was observed (<it>p</it> ≪.05). The true prevalence of seizures in Clay County, Kentucky, children 6–16 years of age in 1973 Is believed to have been between the observed rate of 27 cases per 1000 and the estimated rate of 35 cases per 1000. The prevalence rate of febrile seizures is believed to have been underestimated in the Clay County data. For comparative purposes, the authors are currently applying the same methodology to a non-Appalachian area.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/42
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/532015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
A POPULATION-BASED STUDY OF REFERRAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT PATTERNS FOR CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
GREEN, SYLVAN B.
MYERS, MAX H
FINK, DIANE J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Green, S. B., M. H. Myers and D. J. Fink (National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20014). A population-based study of referral, diagnostic and treatment patterns for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:53–60, 1977. In order to make decisions about cancer control programs, Information is needed on the current management of cancer as actually practiced in the United States. A study to address this issue for acute lymphocytic leukemia in children (age 15 years and under) has been performed. The 101 patients represent all reported incident cases during 1972 in five regions which have population-based registries. Data on patient characteristics, referral patterns, treatment regimens, remission⊘relapse status, and survival are presented. It is concluded that the treatment strategies developed in leukemia research are reaching the general patient population. The present study can be considered a model for future studies of other forms of malignancy.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/53
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/62015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
THE PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPING CANCER
ZDEB, MICHAEL S.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/6
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/612015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
LOCATION OF FOOD CONSUMPTION AND TRAVELERS' DIARRHEA
TJOA, W. S.
DUPONT, H. L.
SULLIVAN, P.
PICKERING, L. K.
HOLGUIN, A. H.
OLARTE, J
EVANS, D. G.
EVANS, D J
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Tjoa, W. S., H. L. DuPont (U. of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77030), P. Sullivan, L. K. Pickering, A. H. Holguln, J. Olarte, D. G. Evans and D. J. Evans, Jr. Location of food consumption and travelers' diarrhea. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:61–66, 1977. Daily food histories for one month were obtained in summer, 1975, from students attending a Mexican university to determine the influence of food consumption on the development and etiology of dlarrhea. In newly-arrived students from the U.S. who ate half or more of their meals in the school cafeteria and public restaurants there were significant increases in diarrhea (<it>p</it> ≪ 0.005), shigella infection (<it>p</it> ≪ 0.05) and toxigenic E. coil infection (<it>p</it> ≪ 0.025) compared to the students eating a comparable number of meals in private homes. In the summer U.S. students there was also an association of diarrhea and eating from street vendors (<it>p</it> ≪ 0.05). In full-time U.S. students who had lived in Mexico a year or longer as well as in Latin American students a relationship between location of meals and occurrence of enteric disease was not apparent. High numbers of enteric bacteria were recovered from food from the school's cafeteria, public restaurants, street vendors and small grocery stores. Shigella were isolated from cooked and uncooked hamburger patties from the school cafeteria. Four shigella carriers were found among kitchen personnel at the school. This study demonstrates that food serves as a major vehicle through which travelers' diarrhea occurs.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/61
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/672015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
DUAL INFECTION BY "+" AND "-" MATING TYPES OF AJELLOMYCES (BLASTOMYCES) DERMATITIDIS
McDONOUGH, E. S.
CHAN, D. M.
McNAMARA, W. J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
McDonough, E. S. (Biology Dept., Marquette U., Milwaukee, Wl 53233), D. M. Chan and W. J. McNamara. Dual infection by “+” and “−” mating types of <it>Ajellomyces (Blaatomyces) dermatitidis</it>. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:67–71, 1977. A culture of <it>Blastomyces dermatitidis</it> Isolated via bronchial washing from a patient with blastomycosis was studied intensively. The primary isolate was shown to have contained both the “+” and “−” mating type determiners of <it>Ajellomyces dermatitidis</it>. This was evidenced by the observations that both a first and a second subculture, when paired with itself produced fertile ascocarps typical of <it>A. dermatitidis</it>. Both these subcultures determined the production of ascospores when paired individually with each of six testers, these testers not producing fertile fruiting bodies when selfed. Isolation by micromanipulation of “+” and “−” ascospores from ascocarps produced by selling a subculture established the mixed (“+”,“−”) nature of the clinical isolate and of the infection. The mixed infection was considered to have resulted from inhalation of both the “+” and “−” ascospores or conidia of <it>A. dermatitidis</it> or from the inhalation of one spore that contained both the “+” and “−” mating type determiners.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/67
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/722015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN (ISG) AGAINST HEPATITIS A INFECTION IN A NATURAL EPIDEMIC
HALL, WILLIAM T.
MADDEN, DAVID L.
MUNDON, FRANCIS K.
BRANDT, DONNA E L
CLARKE, NORMAN A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Hall, W. T., D. L. Madden (National Institutes of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20014), F. K. Mundon, D. E. L. Brandt and N. A. Clarke. Protective effect of immune serum globulin (ISG) against hepatitis A infection in a natural epidemic. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:72–75, 1977. Serologic evidence now confirms epidemiologic evidence that human immune serum globulin (ISG) protects susceptible patients from hepatitis A provided it is administered prior to exposure to the virus. In two wards of young patients housed at the Lynchburg (Virginia) Training School and Hospital for the mentally retarded, 44 out of 60 patients had no detectable antibody to hepatitis A prior to an epidemic which took place there in 1970; 12 of 19 non-Immunized susceptible patients contracted the disease, while only four of 25 patlents receiving ISG developed hepatitls. These four were probably infected with the virus prior to ISG administration. Of the 16 patients with preexisting antibody, none showed any signs or symptoms of hepatitis.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/72
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/762015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN ISRAEL: RESULTS OF A PILOT STUDY IN JERUSALEM
SANDLER, S. GERALD
NATH, NRAPENDRA
BIGER, YORAM
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Sandier, S. G. (Blood Bank, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O.B. 499, Jerusalem, Israel), N. Nath and Y. Biger. Seroepldemlology of hepatitis B virus in Israel. Results of a pilot study in Jerusalem. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 106:76–82, 1977. One thousand thirty-three native and immigrant Israells, divided into 10-year age groups, were tested for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HB<inf>2</inf>Ag) and antibody (anti-HB<inf>3</inf>). The prevalence of anti-HB<inf>3</inf> was 10.1%, Increasing with age from the first (6.3%) through the fifth decade (16.2%) and declining slightly in the sixth and seventh decades. The age-adjusted prevalence of anti-HB<inf>3</inf> was higher for native Arabs (20.8%) compared with native Jews (4.8%), and for immigrants from North Africa (33.3%), compared with immigrants from the Middle and Near East (20.1%) and Western (“Ashkenazi”) countries (8.5%). Acquisition of anti-HB<inf>3</inf> was not correlated with a past history of jaundice or of blood transfusion. Of the positive sera reactive for anti-HB<inf>3</inf> that were subtypable, 74% were anti-<it>y</it> and 26%, anti-<it>d</it> specific. The prevalence of HB<inf>5</inf>Ag for the study population was 1.8%, resulting in a prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, past and present, of 11.9%. These findings indicate that, while HBV infection is prevalent in Jerusalem, the most common presentation is a non-icteric illness with an age distribution extending through early adulthood and not coinciding with the early childhood clustering characteristic of icteric hepatitis in the region. The serologic findings are consistent with other clinical and epidemiologic evidence that endemic hepatitis in Jerusalem is predominantly the result of infection by “non-B” viruses.
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/76
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/832015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
RE: "CAUSES." ITS RELEVANCE TO A PROBLEM IN NUTRITIONAL PRACTICE
Wadsworth, George R.
Robson, John R. K.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/83
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:106/1/842015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:106:1
RE: "CAUSES"
Lilienfeld, David E.
Lilienfeld, Abraham M.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1977-07-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/106/1/84
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Copyright (C) 1977, Oxford University Press