2024-03-28T13:19:22Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2672015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
METHODOLOGIC ISSUES IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AND EXOGENOUS ESTROGEN
HULKA, BARBARA S.
HOGUE, CAROL J. R.
GREENBERG, BERNARD G.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/267
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2772015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE AND SKIN CANCER RESPONSE
GREEN, ALEX E. S.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/277
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2802015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
COMMENT BY FEARS ET AL. ON "ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE AND SKIN CANCER RESPONSE"
Fears, Thomas
Scotto, Joseph
Schneiderman, Marvin A.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/280
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2812015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS AND VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT: TRENDS IN REPORTED FREQUENCY
ANDERSON, CAROL E.
EDMONDS, LARRY D.
ERICKSON, J. DAVID
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Nationwide secular Increases In the reported frequency of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) are presented. Detailed examination of data from one locality, Metropolitan Atlanta, Indicates that the Increases were primarily the result of a rise In the reported frequency of these heart defects In Isolated form (i.e., without other malformations). During the latter years of the study more Atlanta babies with Isolated PDA were of low birth weight and short gestational age, and more cases were diagnosed In the Infants' first week of life. The Increase In VSD was not as consistent nor as dramatic as that of PDA. Neither were there any changes over time in the demographic characteristics of Atlanta Infants affected by Isolated VSD. At least part and perhaps all of the increase in PDA may be explained by an Increased awareness on the part of physicians who take care of premature infants. While the Increase In reported VSD may be explainable on the basis of awareness or secular shifts In diagnostic standards, the problem seems qualitatively different from that of PDA.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/281
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2902015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
INDUCED ABORTION AND SPONTANEOUS ABORTION: NO CONNECTION?
KLINE, JENNIE
STEIN, ZENA
SUSSER, MERVYN
WARBURTON, DOROTHY
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The hypothesis that spontaneous abortion Is associated with prior Induced abortion is tested In an epidemiologic study. The reproductive histories of a consecutive series of women admitted to hospital with spontaneous abortions were compared with those of a control series of women who delivered after 28 weeks gestation. There is no association between spontaneous abortion and prior Induced abortion. The power of the analysis to detect a 30% excess In the frequency of induced abortion In cases as compared to controls Is 82% at α =.05. The design and analysis effectually controlled for all potentially confounding factors.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/290
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/2992015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME IN NORWAY
REED, DWAYNE M.
BAKKETEIG, LEIV S.
NUGENT, ROBERT P.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Information collected through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on a seven-year cohort of 457, 465 live births for the years 1967–1973 were used to determine the factors associated with the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). A total of 1235 cases were Identified and 510 of these died, resulting In an Incidence rate of 2.7 and a mortality rate of 1.1 per 1000 live births. From a geographic breakdown of counties there was no association of the Incidence or mortality of RDS with such environmental factors as latitude, longitude, urbanization, Industrialization or level of obstetric care. There was an Increase In reported incidence and mortality over time, and a slight peak during fall months. The major factors associated with the risk of RDS in Norway were birth weight, gestational age, male sex, cesarean sections and some other complications of pregnancy or delivery. When rates were adjusted for birth weight and gestational age there was no association with maternal age, parity or marital status. Such adjustments reversed the risk of RDS among multiple births to a rate lower than that for single births.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/299
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3112015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
PROSTATIC CANCER: MORTALITY AND INCIDENCE RATES BY RACE AND SOCIAL CLASS
ERNSTER, V. L.
SELVIN, S.
SACKS, S. T.
AUSTIN, D. F.
BROWN, S. M.
WINKELSTEIN, W.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Among the most striking epidemiologic characteristics of prostatic cancer In the United States is the sizeable excess in rates for the disease among blacks as compared with whites. This study attempted to determine whether the higher black rates might be explained by controlling for social class, using mortality data from Alameda County for the pericensal period 1968—1972 (<it>n</it> = 400), and the population-based series of cases for Alameda County Included In the Third National Cancer Survey, 1969–1971 (<it>n</it> = 750). Reviewed first are previous studies addressed to the relationship of prostatic cancer and socioeconomic status (SES), most of which have been confined to whites. In the present study, each death or case was assigned to a socloeconomlc class based on census tract of residence and rates by race and social class determined. Comparison of age-specific mortality and incidence rates by SES reveals no gradient for prostatic cancer In either whites or blacks.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/311
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3212015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
IMMUNE RESPONSE OF LEPROSY PATIENTS TO HEPATITIS B VIRUS
SERJEANTSON, S.
WOODFIELD, D. G.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The Immune responses of 323 Melanesian leprosy patients and 290 controls to hepatitis virus type B were examined by analyzing prevalence rates of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (anti-HBs) in an area of Papua New Guinea hyperendemlc for the virus. By use of multivariate techniques, extraneous variables known to be correlated with both leprosy severity and HBsAg prevalence, such as Institutionalization, age, sex and place of residence, could be statistically controlled. In multivariate analysis of HBsAg rates, after removal of the variation due to age, which was the most important single factor contributing to HBsAg carrier-status, lepromatous leprosy was a significant determinant of antigenemla. Similarly, when the series was grouped Into three Immune-response categories of HBsAg, anti-HBs or no serologic evidence of exposure to the virus, disease severity was a significant factor In determining immune response. For lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients, the probability of responding antigenically to the virus, given that some measurable response has occurred (HBsAg/(HBsAg + anti-HBs)) was 0.42. The corresponding probability for tuberculoid patients was 0.25 and for healthy controls, 0.29. These probabilities indicate that lepromatous patients have an Impaired Immune response that not only predisposes them to the most severe form of leprosy but may also decrease their efficiency In terminating HBsAg Infection with anti-HBs.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/321
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3282015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
ACINETOBACTER CALCOACETICUS OUTBREAK ASSOCIATED WITH PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
ABRUTYN, ELIAS
GOODHART, GLENN L.
ROOS, KATHY
ANDERSON, ROGER
BUXTON, AL
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Investigation of an outbreak of contamination of dialysis drainage fluid with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. <it>anitratus</it> identified a previously unrecognized source for dialysis associated Infections. Over a 4-month period, 25 peritoneal dialysis treatments were administered to 13 hospital patients. Of the 24 treatments for which culture results were available, 14 were associated with dialysis drainage fluid cultures positive for <it>A. calcoaceticus</it>. A water bath used to warm bottles of peritoneal dialysate before use was the reservoir for the bacteria, and Investigation showed In vitro that bath water could contaminate the dialysate. It appears likely that the dialysate became contaminated when the prong of the fluid administration set was Inserted through the rubber bung on the dialysate bottles. This outbreak Illustrates the potential Importance of environmental reservoirs in Infections complicating peritoneal dialysis.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/328
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3362015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
ANTIGENIC RELATEDNESS OF 17 STRAINS OF HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
ZABLOTNEY, SHARON L.
WENTWORTH, BERTTINA B.
ALEXANDER, E. R.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A 10 minute kinetic neutralization test was used to assess antigenic relatedness among 17 strains of human cytomegalovirus. Hyperimmune guinea pig sera exhibited extensive cross-reactivity. However, the data did suggest that there may be four antigenic groups represented in this collection of CMV strains. Available epidemiologic data for these strains do not provide any discernible basis for this grouping.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/336
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3442015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
AN EXPLANATION FOR THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME IN RYUKYU
UEDA, KOHJI
NISHIDA, YUKIAKI
OSHIMA, KENJI
YOSHIKAWA, HIROMI
NONAKA, SANEO
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
An exceptionally high incidence of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has been noted in Ryukan children who were Infants In utero during an extensive rubella epidemic In the Ryukyu Islands In 1964 through the spring of 1965. In 1965, the Congenital Rubella Study Group of Kyushu University registered In the Ryukyus 408 cases of CRS and an incidence of 20 cases of CRS per 1000 births. The nearby Amami Islands, on the other hand, had a low Incidence of CRS. Seroepldemlologic studies Indicated a high prevalence of antibodies in the Ryukyus but a low prevalence in the Amamls. Since CRS Is uncommon throughout Japan, some Investigators have hypothesized that Japanese strains of the virus are avirulent and that a virulent American strain caused the epidemic In the Ryukyus. However, retrospective seroepidemiologic studies reported here indicate that the high incidence of CRS in the Ryukyus was more probably due to low seropositivity and a resultant high attack rate of rubella among pregnant women, rather than to a hypothetical virulent teratogenic strain of rubella virus. Conversely, the data suggest that the low incidence of CRS in Japan may reflect the Infrequency of rubella nonimmunes in women of childbearing age.
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/344
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/352-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Fox, John P.
Hall, Carrie H.
Cooney, Marion K.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/352-a
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3522015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
RE: "THE SEATTLE VIRUS WATCH. VII: OBSERVATIONS OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTIONS"
Wigand, R.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/352
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3532015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
RE: SMOKING AND CANCER OF THE UTERINE CERVIX: HYPOTHESIS
Schoenberg, Bruce S.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/353
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/4/3542015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:4
CANINE DISTEMPER, MEASLES, AND SSPE
Bell, J. Frederick
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1978-04-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/4/354
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press