2024-03-28T17:13:23Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/3572015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
RHINOVIRUS TRANSMISSION: ONE IF BY AIR, TWO IF BY HAND
GWALTNEY, JACK M.
HENDLEY, J. OWEN
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/357
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/3622015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY: I. METHODS AND RISK FACTORS
HAYNES, SUZANNE G.
LEVINE, SOL
SCOTCH, NORMAN
FEINLEIB, MANNING
KANNEL, WILLIAM B.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Questionnaires administered to 1822 members of the Framingham Heart Study from 1965 to 1967 provided measures of personality type, sociocultural mobility, situational stress and somatic strain. Clusters of questions selected by a panel of experts, and verified by item and factor analysis, formed scales of Type A behavior and other psychosocial states. The Framingham Type A behavior scale was significantly correlated with daily stress (.47), emotional lability (.43), tension (.42), anger symptoms (.34), and ambitiousness (.31). Women were less likely than men to be ambitious and to exhibit the Framingham Type A behavior, and were more likely than men to be emotionally labile, tense, and to suppress hostility. Few consistent associations were found between psychosocial stress measures and levels of blood pressure or cholesterol. Social status and marital conflicts were significantly associated with patterns of smoking. The Framingham Type A behavior pattern and other psychosocial measures were not related to the level of CHD risk, as determined by the Framingham logistic equations.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/362
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/3842015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS TO CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDY: II. PREVALENCE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE
HAYNES, SUZANNE G.
FEINLEIB, MANNING
LEVINE, SOL
SCOTCH, NORMAN
KANNEL, WILLIAM B.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In a cross-sectional study of 1822 persons aged 45 to 77 years of age, the association of 20 psychosocial scales with coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence was assessed. Women (aged 45 to 64 years) with coronary disease scored significantly higher on the Framingham Type A behavior, emotional lability, aging worries, tension, and anger symptoms scales than women free of CHD. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher among working women and housewives classified as Type A than as Type B behavior. Among men under 65 years, Framingham Type A behavior, aging worries, daily stress, and tension were associated with the prevalence of myocardial infarction (Ml). For men and women over 65 years, marital dissatisfactions or disagreements were significantly related to the prevalence of CHD. In a multivarlate analysis, the above associations were controlled for age, blood pressure, cholesterol, smoking, and other psychosocial scales. Among women under 65 years of age, Framingham Type A behavior and emotional lability remained significant discriminators of CHD prevalence. Aging worries significantly differentiated men under 65 with and without Ml. Issues related to the interpretation of results from cross-sectional studies are discussed, and four hypotheses are suggested for future prospective work in this area.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/384
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4032015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
BLOOD PRESSURE OF CHILDREN, AGES 21/2-51/2 YEARS, IN A TOTAL COMMUNITY--THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY
VOORS, A. WOUTER
WEBBER, LARRY S.
BERENSON, GERALD S.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Eighty per cent of all identified children 2½–5½ years old in a total geographic community In Bogalusa, Louisiana, were examined for cardiovascular disease risk factor variables, Including blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, and blood lipids. Blood pressure was measured by three instrument types, each with three readings, according to a rigid, randomized design. Results from the three instruments were compared, and potential biases for each Instrument are listed. All observations on the children were analyzed by multiple regression with BP as the dependent variable. After controlling for the mood of the child, the authors found that some Index of body size was positively related to BP, whereas age, race, and serum lipids were not consistently related. The regressions of blood pressure on height as well as on log weight fit straight lines. These results conform with the findings for the 5- to 14-year-olds In this community. The basal or fundamental reference blood pressure is likely to rise gradually from birth to the age of Incipient adult stature, and to be linearly related to height and to log weight. Changes observed over time are needed to relate BP levels in childhood to the early natural history of essential hypertension.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/403
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4122015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
DIARRHEA AND SCHOOL TOILET HYGIENE IN CALI, COLOMBIA
KOOPMAN, JAMES S.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In a 4-week period In early 1976 in a poor, working class area of Call, Colombia, the prevalences of diarrhea, vomiting, common cold, and head lice in schoolchildren were measured In relation to classroom size and to the condition of the school toilets. The study found that unhygienic toilet conditions were related to diarrhea, and it was estimated that if all schools could reach the modest level of hygiene of the two schools with the relatively best facilities, diarrhea would be reduced by 44% and vomiting by 34%. Toilet hygiene was found to be unrelated to colds or head lice, which have similar social class distributions to diarrhea and vomiting. Crowding was found to be related to a small percentage of the prevalences of vomiting, head lice and colds.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/412
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4212015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
AIRBORNE SPREAD OF MEASLES IN A SUBURBAN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
RILEY, E. C.
MURPHY, G.
RILEY, R. L.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A measles epidemic in a modern suburban elementary school In upstate New York In spring, 1974, is analyzed in terms of a model which provides a basis for apportioning the chance of infection from classmates sharing the same home room, from airborne organisms reclrculated by the ventilating system, and from exposure In school buses. The epidemic was notable because of lts explosive nature and lts occurrence In a school where 97% of the children had been vaccinated. Many had been vaccinated at less than one year of age. The Index case was a girl In second grade who produced 28 secondary cases in 14 different classrooms. Organisms reclrculated by the ventilating system were strongly Implicated. After two subsequent generations, 60 children had been Infected, and the epidemic subsided. From estimates of major physical and biologic factors, It was possible to calculate that the lndex case produced approximately 93 units of airborne lnfection (quanta) per minute. The epidemic pattern suggested that the secondaries were less Infectious by an order of magnitude. The exceptional Infectiousness of the Index case, lnadequate Immunization of many of the children, and the high percentage of air reclrculated throughout the school, are believed to account for the extent and sharpness of the outbreak.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/421
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4332015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF AN OUTBREAK
KHOURY, SAMI A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In early January, 1976, an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by contamination of the water supply system occurred in Salt, Jordan. This outbreak was followed by the appearance of peripheral neuropathy in 19 cases diagnosed as Guillaln-Barré Syndrome. Clinically, gastroenteritis was suggestive of Shigellosis and one of nine patients with Guillaln-Barré Syndrome, grew <it>Shigella boydil</it>. Epidemiology of the 19 cases with peripheral neuropathy Is detailed. Seventeen patients had definite gastroenteritis symptoms prior to their neuropathy. The median Incubation period was seven days.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/433
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4392015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
A COMPARISON OF A WI-38 VACCINE AND DUCK EMBRYO VACCINE FOR PREEXPOSURE RABIES PROPHYLAXIS
HAFKIN, BARRY
HATTWICK, MICHAEL A. W.
SMITH, JEAN S.
ALLS, MERRY ELLEN
YAGER, PAMELA A.
COREY, LAWRENCE
HOKE, CHARLES H.
BAER, GEORGE M.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Two types of rabies vaccine, WI-38 vaccine (WRV) and Duck Embryo Vaccine (DEV) were compared In rabies preexposure prophylaxis. One group of veterinary students received four doses of DEV, a second group received four doses of WRV, and a third group received two doses of WRV. Adverse reactions were found to be similar for all three groups. The antibody responses, however, differed markedly: the mean neutralizing titer after four doses of DEV was 1:75, after four doses of WRV was 1:1517, but was only 1:164 after two doses of WRV. All students who received three or four doses of WRV developed high titers of rabies antibody, making this vaccine very desirable for preexposure prophylaxis.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/439
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Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:107/5/4442015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:107:5
EMERGENCE OF A NEW ARBOVIRUS DISEASE IN BRAZIL: I. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ETIOLOGIC AGENT, ROCIO VIRUS
LOPES, OSCAR DE SOUZA
COIMBRA, TEREZINHA L. M.
SACCHETTA, LIA DE ABREU
CALISHER, CHARLES H.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In April, 1975, an epidemic of human encephalitis was detected In several counties in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil; the epidemic continued into 1976. A virus was Isolated from central nervous system (CNS) tissues of a 39-year-old male who died on December 8, 1975; the virus was found to be a new flavlvlrus for which the name Rocio virus is proposed. Nine further isolations of Rocio virus were obtained from CNS tissues of 17 patients who died with clinical symptoms of encephalitis. Isolations of virus and serologic evidence of Rocio virus infection In a significant proportion of the encephalitis patients suggested that Rocio virus was the etiologic agent of the epidemic. Rocio virus was Isolated only from patients who died within 5 days of onset of Illness. The virus was Isolated from two sentinel mice exposed In the epidemic zone and from a rufous collared sparrow (<it>Zonotrichia capensis</it>) collected in the area.
Oxford University Press
1978-05-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/107/5/444
en
Copyright (C) 1978, Oxford University Press