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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7372015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
EVIDENCE FOR A CROSSOVER IN BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORS
JANERICH, DWIGHT T.
HOFF, MARGARET B.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/737
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Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7432015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE AS MEASURES OF THE FREQUENCY OF BIRTH DEFECTS
HOOK, ERNEST B.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/743
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7482015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
DRINKING HABITS AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE: THE YUGOSLAVIA CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE STUDY
KOZAREVIC, DJORDJE
DEMIROVIC, JASENKA
GORDON, TAVIA
KAELBER, CHARLES T.
McGEE, DANIEL
ZUKEL, WILLIAM J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In a prospective study of more than 10,000 Yugoslav men residing in Bosnia and Croatia, who were first examined in 1964–1965, consumption of alcoholic beverages was related inversely to the subsequent appearance of coronary heart dlsease cilnically manifest as myocardial infarction or nonsudden coronary heart disease death. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was not so related to sudden cardiac death. Men who drank most frequently had half the subsequent incidence of overall coronary heart disease as men who seldom or never drank. This finding was true for urban residents only. Serum cholesterol and Quetelet Index were also related to coronary heart dlsease in urban areas but not in rural areas. The inverse relation of alcohol consumption to coronary heart disease incidence was statistically significant even atter taking into account differences in blood pressure, serum cholesterol levels, cigarette smoking and other variables. The apparent absence of protection against sudden death may be due to chance or it may reflect the deleterious effects of high alcohol consumption on the myocardial cells and increased vulnerablilty to lethal arrhythmias in an especially lean population. There is, in fact, a specific association of recent drunkenness with sudden death in this population. Conceivably, the acute effect of heavy drinking may be a dominant factor in the incidence of sudden death for this population.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/748
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7592015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
GENETIC VARIANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS IN INFANT TWINS
LEVINE, ROBERT S.
HENNEKENS, CHARLES H.
PERRY, ANNE
CASSADY, JANET
GELBAND, HENRY
JESSE, MARY JANE
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A cohort of 166 twin pairs (67 monozygotic and 99 dizygotic) born at the Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami Medical Center between July 1, 1976 and December 31, 1980, was followed from birth to one year of age in order to estimate the genetic variance of blood pressure during the first year of life. The sex-adjusted summary estimate of heritabllity for systolic blood pressure during all of infancy was 0.22 (<it>p</it> < 0.001), but statistically significant genetic variance was not found for disatolic blood pressure. When using blood pressures from six to 12 months of age, adjusted for infant sex, heritabllity was estimated as 0.33 (<it>p</it> <0 0.001) for systolic blood pressure and 0.24 (<it>p</it> = 0.04) for diastolic blood pressure; adjustment for body weight reduced these estimates to 0.27 (<it>p</it> < 0.001) and 0.17 (<it>p</it> = 0.13), respectively.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/759
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7652015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF HEALTH-RELATED PRACTICES: A NINE-YEAR MORTALITY FOLLOW-UP OF THE ALAMEDA COUNTY STUDY
WINGARD, DEBORAH L.
BERKMAN, LISA F.
BRAND, RICHARD J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Associations between several common health-related practices and a variety of health outcomes have been reported. However, the independent associations between each of these practices and mortality from all causes have not been assessed. In the present report, a multiple logistic analysis of seven potentially health-related practices (Indlvldually and in a summary Index) and mortality from all causes is conducted, using data from the Human Population Laboratory Study of a random sample of 6928 adults living in Alameda County, California in 1965 and a subsequent nine-year mortality follow-up. Many covariables such as physical health status and socioeconomic status are simultaneously analyzed. The health-related practices examined are: 1) never smoking; 2) regular physical activity; 3) low alcohol consumption; 4) average weight status; 5) sleeping seven to eight hours/night; 6) not skipping breakfast; and 7) not snacking between meals. The analysls reveals that five of the practices are associated with lower mortality from all causes. Neither eating breakfast nor not snacking have significant independent associations wtth lower mortality. After covariable adjustment, respondents who reported few low-risk practices have a relative risk of 2.3 (<it>p</it> < 0.001) when compared with those who had many low-risk practices. Mortality risks for possible combinations of health-related practices are discussed.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/765
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7762015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
CUMULATIVE PREVALENCE RATES AND CORRECTED INCIDENCE RATES OF SURGICAL STERILIZATION AMONG WOMEN IN THE UNITED STATES, 1971-1978
NOLAN, TIMOTHY F.
ORY, HOWARD W.
LAYDE, PETER M.
HUGHES, JOYCE M.
GREENSPAN, JOEL R.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors used data from the 1970 National Fertility Survey and Centers tor Disease Control surveillance of surgical sterilizations to estimate the cumulative prevalences of hysterectomy and tubal sterilization among women of reproductive age in the United States between 1971 and 1978. In 1978, the cumulative prevalence rate of tubal sterilization was more than twice as high for women aged 15–44 years as it was in 1971 and at least three times as high for women under 30. Although the increase in the cumulative prevalence rate of hysterectomy was not as marked, by 1978, 19% of women aged 40–44 had undergone hysterectomy. The authors used the cumulative prevalence rate to estimate the population at risk for surgical sterilization, and calculated the corrected incidence rates for these procedures. While corrected incidence rates of tubal sterilization among women aged 15–44 doubled between 1971 and 1978, corrected hysterectomy rates remained stable. The largest age-specific increase in incidence rates of tubal sterilization was among women 40–44, with rates six times higher in 1978 than in 1971. These findings can be used to recompute incidence rates of endometrial and cervical cancers, abortions, and ectopic pregnancies, allowing more precise analysis of related trends.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/776
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7822015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
GLIOMAS AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CARCINOGENS: CASE-CONTROL STUDY
MUSICCO, MASSIMO
FILIPPINI, GRAZIELLA
BORDO, BIANCA M.
MELOTTO, ANTONIO
MORELLO, GIULIO
BERRINO, FRANCO
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Patients with gliomas of the central nervous system hospitalized during the period January 1979–March 1980 at the Neurological Institute C. Besta of Milan were compared with controls admitted to the institute in the same period tor nonneoplastic neurologic diseases or benign tumors. The comparison was based on occupational history, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. Two analyses were carried out: the first by case-control paris matched for age, sex, and residence; the second by age, sex, and residence stratification. Patients with glioma were more llkely than controls to have worked in a agricultural activities and showed a relative risk of 5.0 (<it>p</it> = 0.043) in the matched analysis and 1.9 (<it>p</it> = 0.113) in the analysis by stratification. This high risk was confined to those who pertormed agricultural work after 1960, suggesting a possible etiologic role of exposure to organic pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides, which have only recently been commonly used in Italy. No significant difference was observed between cases and controls in regard to other analyzed occupations and habits.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/782
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Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/7912015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
USE OF A SYMPTOM SCALE TO STUDY THE PREVALENCE OF A DEPRESSIVE SYNDROME IN YOUNG ADOLESCENTS
SCHOENBACH, VICTOR J.
KAPLAN, BERTON H.
GRIMSON, ROGER C.
WAGNER, EDWARD H.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The entire student enrollment (<it>n</it> = 624) in a public junior high school in Raleigh, North Carolina were visited in their homes between October 1978 and February 1979. Eleven (2.9%) of 384 students completing the Center for Epidemiologic Studies self-report depression scale reported symptom patterns consistent with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder. These 11 subjects were concentrated in the top l2% of the distribution of symptom scores and had symptom prevalences exceeding those in the overall study population by a factor of three or more. Black males trom low income households predominated. A self-report questionnaire may be usable to detect a depressive “syndrome” in young adolescents. The prevalence of such a syndrome is similar to prevalence estimates for adults and young adolescents, but considerably lower than estimates derived from total scale scores and cutoff points. A syndrome-oriented analytic approach for symptom scales should be explored as an alternative to the use of cutoff scores for epidemiologic studies of psychiatric disorders.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/791
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Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8012015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
VALIDATION OF THE PLAIN CHEST RADIOGRAPH FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION
MUSK, A. W.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The chest radiographs of 125 industrial workers from rural New South Wales were examined for overinflated lungs, with and without attenuated midzonal vessels. Although the mean values of a comprehensive range of pulmonary function tests in the whole group were within normal limits, the nine subjects whose radiographs showed overinflated lungs and attenuated vessels had significantly impaired pulmonary function in comparison with 85 subjects with normal radiographs. The mean values for these nine subjects, expressed as a percentage of the mean value for subjects with normal radiographs, were: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 75%; total lung capacity, 10%; residual volume, 143%; transpulmonary pressure at maximum inspiration, 80%; static deflation compliance, 158%; lung volume at transpulmonary pressure 10 cm H<inf>2</inf>O, 132%; transfer factor, 79%; and transfer factor/alveolar volume, 77%. Similar results were obtained by a second observer. Those subjects with overinflation but no vascular attenuation had significantly larger mean values for vital capacity and alveolar volume but no significant difference in total lung capacity or other tests of the mechanical properties of the lungs. Agreement on the presence of a positive sign between the two observers expressed as a percentage of those considered positive by either was 81% for overinflation and 62% for attenuated midzonal vessels. The results indicate that in groups of subjects with normal-average values of pulmonary functlon, the plain chest radiograph may provide information concerning pulmonary structure that is reflected in tests of function.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/801
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8082015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
A RIFT VALLEY FEVER VACCINE TRIAL: I. SIDE EFFECTS AND SEROLOGIC RESPONSE OVER A SIX-MONTH FOLLOW-UP
KARK, JEREMY D.
AYNOR, YAEL
PETERS, C. J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A formalin-inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccine, originally produced in primary monkey kidney cells, has been used to protect laboratory workers. A trial of a modified vaccine, newly formulated in well-characterized diploid fetal rhesus lung cells, was conducted with 114 men aged 19–24 years. Of the 107 subjects who received up to three injections of 0.1 to 1 ml vaccine (an additional seven received a placebo) one had a local hypersensitivity-type reaction and another a generailzed urticarial syndrome. Both cases had a prior history of hypersensitivity states. No pyrogenicity was detected and only insignificant systemic reactions were recorded. Mild and transient local reactions ranged from 5% at the lowest dose level to 43% at the highest. Serologic response, as assessed by plaque reduction neutralizing antibody titers, was dose dependent. Within a single vaccine lot tested at muitlple dose levels, peak (day 42) geometric mean titers ranged from 48 (at 0.1 ml × 3) to 436 (at 1.0 ml × 3). Reciprocal titers of ≥40 are considered to be protective. Comparison of three lots at the 0.5 ml level indicated between lot variability, though this was not statistically significant. A sharp decline in antibody titers was observed in all vaccination groups by day 84; six months after vaccination apparently protective antibody titers were present only in groups that received 1 ml × 3 and 0.5 ml × 3 of the most antigenic lot of vaccine. These results suggest that 1) the vaccine is generally nonreactogenic, but individuals with a prior history of hypersensitivity states should be obsened for allergic side effects; 2) existing vaccine supplies cannot be extended by using lower dose levels without a lower and less sustained serologic response; 3) a booster dose is necessary six months or more following the primary series; 4) although the current TSI-GSD-200 vaccine is immunagenic, a more potent vaccine is needed.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/808
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8212015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
ANTIBODY TO HEPATITIS A AND HEMODIALYSIS
MAYOR, GILBERT H.
KLEIN, ADINA M.
KELLY, THOMAS J.
PATTERSON, MARIA J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) was surveyed in 469 patients from 20 of 31 Michigan hemodiatysis units, during spring 1978. The mean point prevalence of anti-HAV was 59.5% and within the 20 individual units ranged from zero to 100%. For the entire survey population, the point prevalence of anti-HAV was significantly greater with increasing age, among blacks, and in individuals with hypertension as their underlying renal disease. Anti-HAV was independent of sex, duration of dialysis, or the presence of either hepatitis B surface antigen or its associated antibody. Within individual units, anti-HAV prevalence was associated with a higher mean patient age but not with dialysis unit size, mean duration of dialysis therapy, race, or prevalence of hepatitis B markers among patients or staff. These data support reports that transmission of the hepatitis A virus is neither associated with hemodialysis therapy nor routinely spread by parenteral mechanisms as observed in hepatitis B virus transmission.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/821
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8282015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
TRANSMISSION OF EXPERIMENTAL RHINOVIRUS INFECTION BY CONTAMINATED SURFACES
GWALTNEY, JACK M.
HENDLEY, J. OWEN
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Transfer of experimental rhinovirus infection by an intermediary environmental surface was examined in healthy young adults, in four studies done in 1980–1981, by having recipients handle surfaces previously contaminated by infected donors. Recipients touched their nasal and conjunctival mucosa after touching the surfaces. Five (50%) of 10 recipients developed infection after exposure to virus-contaminated coffee cup handles and nine (56%) of 18 became infected after exposure to contaminated plastic tiles. Spraying of contaminated tiles with a commercially available phenol/alcohol disinfectant reduced (<it>p</it> = 0.003) the rate of recovery of virus from the tiles from 42% (20/47) to 8% (2/26). Similarly, the rate of detection of virus on fingers touching the tiles was reduced (<it>p</it> = 0.001) from 61% (28/46) with unsprayed tiles to 21% (11/53) with sprayed tiles. Fitly-six per cent (9/16) of the recipients exposed on three consecutive days to untreated tiles became infected while 35% (7/20) touching only sprayed tiles became infected with rhinovirus (<it>p</it> = 0.3). These studies indicate that experimental rhinovirus colds can be spread by way of contaminated environmental surfaces and suggest that disinfectant treatment of such surfaces may reduce risk of viral transmission by this route.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/828
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8342015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
AN OUTBREAK OF NORWALK GASTROENTERITIS ASSOCIATED WITH SWIMMING IN A POOL AND SECONDARY PERSON-TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION
KAPPUS, KARL D.
MARKS, JAMES S.
HOLMAN, ROBERT C.
BRYANT, JERRI KENNICOTT
BAKER, CEBURN
GARY, G. WILLIAM
GREENBERG, HARRY B.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In June 1977 an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis affected 103 students and teachers at an elementary school in Ohio. The illness typically lasted 24 hours or less and was characterized by vomiting (86%) and cramping (70%), but more than half of the persons involved also reported having nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Similar illness frequently followed in household members (29%) of families with primary cases. Investigation revealed that 70% of the children and teachers who swam in a pool at an all day outing June 1 (4 classrooms) and 55% of those who swam during a similar outing June 2 (2 classrooms) had the onset of acute illness from 12–48 hours later. None of the children who attended the outings but did not swim had a similar illness. The evidence suggested that the primary outbreak was caused by contaminated water in the pool and that person-to-person spread of illness followed. Results of a microbiologic study of pool water were negative for bacterial and viral pathogens. Throat washings, stool specimens, and paired blood samples studied for evidence of pathogens were negative initially, but subsequent serologic studies suggested that infection by Norwalk virus was the cause of the outbreak. The pool chlorinator which was inadvertently unconnected at the time of the school visits was reconnected and an underground leak in the water supply pipes was corrected. No more cases were reported after the pool was drained, cleaned, and reopened.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/834
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8402015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
COST AND EFFICIENCY IN THE CHOICE OF MATCHED AND UNMATCHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY DESIGNS
THOMPSON, W. DOUGLAS
KELSEY, JENNIFER L.
WALTER, STEPHEN D.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
This study compares matched and unmatched case-control designs in terms of the precision with which one can estimate an exposure-disease association while controlling for the effects of a confounding variable. Provision is made for the cost of the matching process by calculating the reduction in the number of controls that can be studled for fixed study cost. The purpose is to provide epidemiologists with guidelines and quantitative procedures for making rational decisions as to which is the more appropriate study design for specific research problems. The results indicate that when the cost of the matching process is negligible, a matched design is usually more efficient than an unmatched one. The difference in efficiency is generally slight, however, and is found to depend primarily on the strength of the confounder-disease association, the prevalence of exposure, and the strength of the exposure-disease association. When the cost of the matching process is not negligible, a matched design is likely to be less efficient than an unmatched one.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/840
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8522015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
IN DEFENSE OF MATCHING
KARON, JOHN M.
KUPPER, LAWRENCE L.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
This paper discusses the simplified situation of an epidemiologic study involving disease, expobure, and a single (possibly confounding) extraneous factor, all of which are dichotomous. The question is: in studying the association between disease and exposure, should the comparison group be selected by random sampling or by matching on the extraneous factor? An example is used to demonstrate the general principle that matching controls confounding in estimating the risk ratio in a follow-up study, but not in estimating the exposure odds ratio in a case-control study. Calculations based on a probability model show that, despite the possible reduction in sample size which may be associated with matching, matching will often lead to a more precise estimate of the effect measure than random sampling and is not likely to result in a significant loss in precision in situations of practical importance. Therefore, selection of the referent group by matching should be given serious consideration for both follow-up and case-control studies.
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/852
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8672015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN BREAST CANCER INCIDENCE
MacMahon, Brian
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/867
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8682015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
RE "THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN MORTALITY RATES"
Waldron, Ingrid
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/868
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8692015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
RE "THE SEX DIFFERENTIAL IN MORTALITY RATES"
Couture, Régis
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/869
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/870-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
RE: DICTIONARY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Last, John M.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/870-a
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8702015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
THE AUTHOR REPLIES
Wingard, Deborah L.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/870
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8712015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
SHOULD AN ABSTRACT REPORT "AUTHORS' INTERPRETATIONS" OR THE FACTUAL. EVIDENCE IN A STUDY?
Bross, Irwin D. J.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/871
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8722015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
THE FIRST AUTHOR REPLIES
Hoffman, Daniel A.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/872
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:116/5/8732015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:116:5
RE: "A SHORTCUT METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE 95 PER CENT CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE STANDARDIZED MORTAUTY RATIO"
Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1982-11-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/116/5/873
en
Copyright (C) 1982, Oxford University Press