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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5532015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
ACHIEVED STATUS AS A RISK FACTOR IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
GRAHAM, SAXON
GRAHAM-TOMASI, ROBIN
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/553
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5592015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
THE MRFIT BEHAVIOR PATTERN STUDY: II. TYPE A BEHAVIOR AND INCIDENCE OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE
SHEKELLE, RICHARD B.
HULLEY, STEPHEN B.
NEATON, JAMES D.
BILLINGS, JAMES H.
BORHANI, NEMAT O.
GERACE, TERENCE A.
JACOBS, DAVID R.
LASSER, NORMAN L.
MITTLEMARK, MAURICE B.
STAMLER, JEREMIAH
FOR THE MULTIPLE RISK FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL RESEARCH GROUP,
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Behavior pattern was assessed by interview for 3,110 men at eight centers in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (1973–1976). The Type A pattern was not significantly associated with risk of first major coronary events (coronary death and definite nonfatal myocardial infarction) after a mean follow-up of 7.1 years. Crude relative risks for Types A1–A2 versus X-B were 1.08 in usual care, 0.82 in special intervention, and 0.92 overall. Adjustment for age, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, serum cholesterol, consumption of alcohol, and educational attainment yielded relative risks of 0.99 in usual care, 0.81 in special intervention, and 0.87 overall (95% confidence interval = 0.59–1.28). The Jenkins Activity Survey Type A score, obtained for 12,772 men at all 22 centers, was also not significantly associated with risk of first major coronary events. Overall, crude risks in the lowest (Type B) through highest (Type A) quintiles of the score's distribution were 5.0%, 4.4%, 4.0%, 4.3%, and 4.1%, respectively. The proportional hazards regression coefficient, adjusted for the variables listed above, was −0.006 (95% confidence interval = −0.015−0.003). These results raise questions regarding the robustness of the Type A hypothesis in its present form. Further studies are needed to investigate these questions and to evaluate the validity of procedures used to assess behavior patterns.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/559
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5712015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
BREAST CANCER SURVIVAL AMONG HAWAII JAPANESE AND CAUCASIAN WOMEN: TEN-YEAR RATES AND SURVIVAL BY PLACE OF BIRTH
LEMARCHAND, LOÏC
KOLONEL, LAURENCE N.
NOMURA, ABRAHAM M. Y.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Unlike past breast cancer survival comparisons between Japan and the United States, a recent study in Hawaii showed that Japanese women did not retain their survival advantage over Caucasian women after adjustment was made for stage at diagnosis. To test whether this finding in Hawaii was due to the limited duration of the follow-up (five years) or to the effects of migration, the survival experience of 1,357 Caucasian and 1,029 Japanese women with invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed in Hawaii between 1960 and 1979 was examined over a 10-year period as well as by place of birth. Multivariate adjustment by the proportional hazards regression model confirmed that the survival advantage of Japanese women in Hawaii is fully explained by their earlier stage of disease at diagnosis and suggested that, after recognition, the disease progresses at a similar pace in the two races. The survival comparison by place of birth revealed that second generation Hawaii Japanese women had better breast cancer survival rates than Japanese migrants from Japan, even after adjusting for stage, and that for Caucasian women, nativity was not associated with survival. These findings suggest that westernization, genetic constitution, or early life exposures cannot explain the overall or stage-adjusted breast cancer survival patterns observed among Caucasian and Japanese women in Hawaii.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/571
en
Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5792015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
OVERWEIGHT AND CHANGES IN WEIGHT THROUGHOUT ADULT LIFE IN BREAST CANCER ETIOLOGY: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
LUBIN, FLORA
RUDER, AVIMA M.
WAX, YOCHANAN
MODAN, BARUCH
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Numerous epidemiologic studies have found body size to be a significant risk factor in the etiology of breast cancer. In an Israeli study population of 1,065 breast cancer patients, 964 surgical controls, and 981 nelghborhood controls, height and weight at three periods (age 18, “most of adult life,” and recent) were ascertained. The authors analyzed these parameters and body mass index (weight/height2) for each period, as well as body mass index changes throughout life, controlling for age, menstrual status, and ethnic origin. Odds ratios were determined for three body mass Index categories: 19.1–23, 23.1–27, and 27.1+, with a relative risk of 1 for body mass index ≤19. Their results show an increase in risk for breast cancer with greater recent body mass index among postmeno-pausal women aged 60+ (<it>n</it>=461 for breast cancer, <it>n</it>=414 for surgical controls, <it>n</it>=401 for neighborhood controls). Crude odds ratios for the breast cancer/surgical control comparison are 1.23, 1.58, and 2.20, respectively, for each body mass index category; for the breast cancer/neighborhood control comparison 2.16, 2.44, and 2.99, respectively. Odds ratios adjusted for confounding factors (ages at menarche, first birth, and menopause; number of births; years of education; previous benign breast disease; and family history of breast cancer) are 1.17, 1.44, and 2.38, respectively (breast cancer/surgical control); and 1.78, 1.92, and 2.53, respectively (breast cancer/neighborhood control). Overweight does not emerge as a risk factor for breast cancer among premenopausal or younger postmenopausal women. Weight loss from most of adult life to recent weight appears to be protective, since mean loss in the 60+ age category is greater in both control groups than in breast cancer patients. In addition, breast cancer patients aged 60+ gained <it>more</it> weight during adult life than controls, and premenopausal breast cancer patients gained <it>less</it> weight than controls (for both comparisons, <it>p</it> ≤0.05, breast cancer vs. all controls combined).
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/579
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5892015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
COMPARISON OF GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN AND FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE WITH TWO-HOUR POST-LOAD PLASMA GLUCOSE IN THE DETECTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS
SIMON, D.
COIGNET, M. C.
THIBULT, N.
SENAN, C.
ESCHWEGE, E.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In the course of a screening for diabetes mellitus in the Hôtel-Oieu Hospital in Paris, from September 15, 1981 to April 1, 1984, an oral glucose tolerance test and a measurement of glycosytated hemoglobin were performed on 333 outpatients. With two-hour plasma glucose as a reference, the sensitivities of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and a combination of glycosyiated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose equal, respectively, 60.0%, 52.0%, and 40.0%; the specificities 90.9%, 98.7%, and 99.4%; the predictive value for a positive diagnosis 34.9%, 76.5%, and 83.3%. If one takes into account the implications of diabetes mellitus, especially its economic and psycnosodologtc consequences, it seems better for diagnosis—from a public health point of view—to use tests with a high degree of specificity and a high predictive value for a positive diagnosis, such as the combination of fasting plasma glucose and glycosyiated hemoglobin, than tests with a good sensitivity but poor specificity. In the long term, validation of glycosyiated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for asymptomatic diabetes mellitus will be obtained only by reference to unquestionable criteria of the disease, determined by longitudinal survey.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/589
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/5942015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETES IN THE MICRONESIAN POPULATION OF NAURU
BALKAU, BEVERLEY
KING, HILARY
ZIMMET, PAUL
RAPER, L. ROBIN
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A longitudinal study of 266 adult residents of the Pacific island of Nauru (1975–1976 and 1982) has shown an annual incidence of noninsulin-dependent diabetes of 1.6 per cent per annum. Factors associated with the subsequent development of glucose intolerance were determined by means of regression techniques. The two-hour, post-load plasma glucose concentration was the factor most consistently associated with subsequent glucose intolerance. Other predictors were found to vary in their importance between the sexes. In males, the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration and Mood pressure showed a weaker association, and body mass index was of marginal significance. In contrast, in females, two-hour plasma insulin concentration, plasma uric acid concentration, body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose concentration showed a significant association. These findings are discussed in light of the results of similar studies in other populations.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/594
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6062015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
AN INQUIRY INTO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MELANOMA
GRAHAM, SAXON
MARSHALL, JAMES
HAUGHEY, BRENDA
STOLL, HOWARD
ZIELEZNY, MARIA
BRASURE, JOHN
WEST, DEE
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors conducted a study of 404 melanoma patients and 521 control patients of both sexes at Roswell Park Memorial institute. As have previous investigators, they found that higher risk attaches to upper socioeconomic status, as measured by occupation and education, lightness of complexion and hair, and amount of blue in the admixture of eye color. The authors also found a higher risk among individuals who reacted to sun exposure by burning, blistering, or freckling rather than by tanning. A particular concern was to measure risk associated with exposure to the sun. As have two other investigators, they found that risk decreased with increasing exposure, suggesting either that individuals continually exposed to the sun have less risk because of tanning, or that susceptibles purposely avoid sun exposure, or both. The fact that melanoma occurs with greater frequency on sites exposed to the sun suggests that sun exposure plays a part. These studies showed a dose-response increase in risk (odds ratios of up to 4 for males and over 6 for females) with increases in number of traits possessed, such as light complexion, and burning or freckling in response to sun exposure. This is consistent with the authors' earlier finding of a strong familial aggregation of melanoma.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/606
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6202015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATION AMONG ALCOHOLICS
DAI, WANJU S.
LAPORTE, RONALD E.
HOM, DAVID L.
KULLER, LEWIS H.
D'ANTONIO, JOYCE A.
GUTAI, JAMES P.
WOZNICZAK, MARYBETH
WOHLFAHRT, BARBARA
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Alcohol consumption is one of the major determinants of serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Very few studies have examined the correlation between alcohol consumption and high density lipoprotein subclasses. It has been suggested that HDL<inf>2</inf> is probably the fraction that is associated with reduced coronary heart disease. The current research investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and HDL<inf>2</inf> and HDL<inf>3</inf> cholesterol among 234 alcoholics who were admitted for abstinence. The results indicated that the elevated serum HDL cholesterol concentrations among alcoholics were a combination of an increase in both HDL<inf>2</inf> and HDL<inf>3</inf> cholesterol. HDL cholesterol and HDL<inf>2</inf> cholesterol increased with more alcohol consumption until about 450 ml of ethanol consumption per day when serum HDL cholesterol and HDL<inf>2</inf> cholesterol decreased. HDL<inf>3</inf> cholesterol showed a similar trend but was not statistically significant in addition, the serum concentrations of HDL cholesterol and subclasses were positively correlated with liver enzymes. Those with alcohol-related liver disease had significantly higher HDL and HDL<inf>2</inf> cholesterol levels than those without Both HDL cholesterol and subclasses decreased concomitantty with the decline in liver enzymes within one month of abstinence. The possible biologic mechanisms linking alcohol drinking with HDL cholesterol through liver induction and sex hormone changes are discussed.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/620
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6282015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
A COMPARISON OF THREE DIETARY METHODS FOR ESTIMATING VITAMIN A INTAKE
RUSSELL-BRIEFEL, RONETTE
CAGGIULA, ARLENE W.
KULLER, LEWIS H.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
This study compared and evaluated vitamin A intake measured by three dietary methods (the 24-hour recall, the three-day food record, and a food frequency questionnaire) in 82 adult men enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, during 1981. The dietary methods may be useful for group data, although differences were found: the food frequency questionnaire produced the highest mean daily estimate (7,876±569 IU) (mean±standard error), the 24-hour recall the intermediate daily estimate (6,944±602 IU), and the three-day food record the lowest daily estimate (5,137±470 IU). There was considerable variability between methods in individuals, suggesting that the intake of vitamin A estimated by one dietary method does not predict the intake estimated by another. At the individual level, a low significant correlation (<it>r</it>1=0.28) occurred between the food frequency questionnaire and the three-day food record methods. Modest agreement in quartile ranking between these two methods indicated that 38% of the individuals fell into the same quartile, 73% into the same±one quartile, and 7% into opposite quartiles.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/628
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6372015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
THE DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SUDDEN INFANT DEATHS AMONG NATIVES AND WHITES IN ALASKA
ADAMS, MELISSA M.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
From 1976–1980, the incidence of sudden infant deaths among native Alaskans was 2.9 times higher than that for white Alaskans (6.28 per 1,000 live births among natives vs. 2.14 per 1,000 live births among whites). Linked birth and death vital records data were used to compare the age-at-death distributions and relative risks associated with demographic factors for natives and whites. The purpose of the comparisons was to seek dues to the etiology of sudden infant death in natives. The age-at-death distributions for natives and whites were virtually identical (mean age at death 90.4±7.0 days for natives; 87.8±6.5 days for whites). The associations between the risk of sudden death and birth weight, marital status, season of birth, and residence were similar for natives and whites. The risk associated with young maternal age (<20 years) was significantly higher for whites than for natives (3.20 vs. 1.38). The sex ratio for sudden deaths among whites significantly favored males (relative risk=1.78; female=reference); a significant sex ratio was not apparent for natives. Vital records data were useful for confirming the native-white difference in sudden infant death incidence, but not for elucidating etiotogic differences between natives and whites.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/637
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6442015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
FRAMINGHAM DISABILITY STUDY: RELATIONSHIP OF DISABILITY TO CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AMONG PERSONS FREE OF DIAGNOSED CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
PINSKY, JOAN L.
BRANCH, LAURENCE G.
JETTE, ALAN M.
HAYNES, SUZANNE G.
FEINLEIB, MANNING
CORNONI-HUNTLEY, JOAN C.
BAILEY, KENT R.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The relationship between physical disability and cardiovascular risk factors among persons free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease was examined. Between 1948 and 1951, a cohort of adult, Framingham, Massachusetts, residents was assembled for a longitudinal examination of cardiovascular disease. Twenty-seven years after the participants' initial examination (between 1976 and 1978), members of the cohort who were still participating in the Framingham Heart Study were interviewed to ascertain their self-assessed ability to perform various physical activities. A score on the cumulative disability index was assigned to 2,021 persons free of diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Analyses controlled for noncardiovascular health conditions which were identified as related to disability. Among women, both long-term and current hypertension and body mass index, as well as diabetes, were associated with disability. Among men, long-term hypertension was related to disability. Age-specific analyses indicated that, for women, current hypertension was statistically significantly related to disability in the middle and oldest age groups; long-term hypertension was related to disability in the middle age group. Both long-term and current measures of diabetes in the oldest age group and long-term measure of cigarette use in the middle age group of women were also related to disability. Age-specific analyses among men indicated that the only statistically significant risk factor was long-term hypertension in the youngest age group. Cholesterol was not related to disability. Results suggest that certain cardiovascular risk factors should be considered in efforts to understand further the development of disability.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/644
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6572015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN DECLINING ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE MORTALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, 1968-1978: I. RATES AND CHANGE, WHITES AGED 36-74 YEARS
DAVIS, WAYNE B.
HAYES, CARL G.
KNOWLES, MARILYN
RIGGAN, WILSON B.
VAN BRUGGEN, JOHN
TYROLER, H. A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Despite the well known geographic pattern for heart disease mortality, studies of the decline in ischemic heart disease have not provided a comprehensive examination of its spatial component. In this study, the authors computed and mapped mean rates and per cent change in ischemic heart disease mortality for whites aged 35–74 years, for the period of the Eighth Revision (1968–1978) of the <it>International Classification of Diseases</it>. Visual evidence of clustering and markedly different spatial patterns were found for mean rate and per cent change among the state economic areas of the United States.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/657
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6732015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
MORTALITY OF LEAD SMELTER WORKERS
SELEVAN, SHERRY G.
LANDRIGAN, PHILIP J.
STERN, FRANK B.
JONES, JAMES H.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
To examine patterns of death in lead smelter workers, a retrospective analysts of mortality was conducted in a cohort of 1,987 males employed between 1940 and 1965 at a primary lead smelter in idaho. Overall mortality was similar to that of the United States white male population (standardized mortality ratio (SMR)=98). Excess mortality, however, was found from chronic renal disease (SMR=192; confidence interval (Cl)=88–364), and the risk of death from renal disease increased with increasing duration of employment, such that after 20 years employment, the standardized mortality ratio reached 392 (Cl=107–1,004). Excess mortality was also noted for nonmalignant respiratory disease (SMR=187, Cl=128–264). Eight of 32 deaths in this category were caused by silicosis; at least five workers who died of silicosis had been miners for a part of their lives. An additional 11 deaths resulted from tuberculosis (SMR=139; Cl=69–249); in six of these cases, silicosis was a contributory cause of death. Cancer mortality was not increased overall (SMR=95; Cl=78–114). An increase, however, was noted for deaths from kidney cancer (six cases; SMR=204; Cl=75–444). Finally, excess mortality was noted for injuries (SMR=138; Cl=104–179); 13 (23%) of the 56 deaths in this category were caused by mining injuries. The data from this study are consistent with previous reports of increased mortality from chronic renal disease in persons exposed occupationalry to lead.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/673
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6842015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
LUNG CANCER MORTALITY AMONG MEN LIVING NEAR AN ARSENIC-EMITTING SMELTER
PERSHAGEN, GÖRAN
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Etiologic factors for lung cancer were studied by the case-control technique among 636 men, including 212 with pulmonary carcinoma, who had died between 1961 and 1979 in a county in northern Sweden. Data on smoking habits, occupation, and residence were obtained from a next of kin to each study subject Validation against data from other sources indicated that the exposure information was of high quality. A relative risk of 2.0 for lung cancer was seen among men who had lived within approximately 20 km from a large copper smelter. The increased risk, which is statistically significant (<it>p</it><0.05), could not be explained by smoking habits or occupational background. Smelter workers and miners had relative risks for lung cancer of 3.0 and 4.1, respectively. No firm conclusions can be drawn on the cause of excess lung cancer risk in the smelter area, but it seems plausible that the very substantial emissions to air from the smetter, especially of arsenic, may have played a role.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/684
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/6952015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
SECULAR TRENDS IN AGE AT ONSET, SEX RATIO, AND TYPE INDEX IN LEPROSY OBSERVED DURING DECLINING INCIDENCE RATES
IRGENS, LORENTZ M.
SKJÆRVEN, ROLV
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Epidemiologic surveillance in Norway, the United States, Nigeria, Japan, Venezuela, India, and China, covering periods from 1851 to 1981, demonstrates a consistent decline in incidence rates of leprosy. At the same time, secular trends have been observed which imply an increasing age at onset, an increasing male excess, and an increasing fraction of new cases represented by multibacillary leprosy. Theoretically, an increasing age at onset may be caused by two mechanisms, namely postponement of infection to a later age and/or an increasing fraction of patients with long incubation periods. Cohort analyses have shown no increase in age at onset in subsequent birth cohorts, but rather have shown a decrease. The latter mechanism, the increasing importance of long incubation periods, is consistent with the shift toward multibacillary cases in which the incubation period is longer than that in paucibacillary cases. Apparently, this mechanism has also been present during the decline of tuberculosis. An increasing fraction of new patients with long incubation periods, resulting in an increasing age at onset, is proposed as a general principle to be expected in any disease in rapid decline which also has a long and varying incubation period. This theory offers a basis for assessment of secular trends.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/695
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/7062015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
FOODBORNE STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI
MARTIN, THERESA A.
HOFF, GERALD L.
GIBSON, VICKI
BEERY, RICHARD M.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A foodbome outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis occurred in association with a meeting of regional blood banking personnel held at a hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, on May 31-June 1, 1984. The incriminated meal was a salad buffet luncheon served on May 31. Of 106 persons identified as eating the luncheon, 60 (56.6 per cent) became ill. The most probable source of infection was an assortment of mousse desserts (<it>p</it>=0.0532).
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/706
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/7102015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
APPLICATIONS OF MICROCOMPUTER SPREADSHEET PACKAGES AS ADJUNCTS TO MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS
LEMESHOW, STANLEY
PASTIDES, HARRIS
AVRUNIN, JILL SPITZ
TERES, DANIEL
EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROGRAMS FOR COMPUTERS AND CALCULATORS
This paper illustrates how a microcomputer spreadsheet package can be used by epidemiologists to facilitate the computation of multiple logistic regression (MLR) probabilities, as well as odds ratios and associated confidence intervals, given the coefficients of the MLR mode). By formatting a spreadsheet, data entry is greatly simplified, and computations are accomplished without any arithmetic manipulations on the part of the user. This approach makes it feasible for clerical support staff to assist in the computation of seemingly complex expressions. The increasing availability of microcomputers in clinical and research settings suggests that numerous analytic applications are amenable to this approach, thereby decreasing reliance on mainframe computers and desk-top calculators.
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/710
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/7172015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
INFECTIVE DOSE OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN CHEDDAR CHEESE
D'AOUST, J.-Y.
BRIEF REPORTS
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/717
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/721-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
RE: MORTALITY OF WIDOWED VS. MARRIED
Brenner, Joel L.
Bearman, Jacob E.
Brown, Byron Wm.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/721-a
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/7212015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
COFFEE CONSUMPTION, BENIGN BREAST DISEASE, AND BREAST CANCER
Lé, Monique G.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/721
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/7222015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Helsing, Knud J.
Szklo, Moyses
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/722
en
Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/721a1985-10-01HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
Coffee consumption, benign breast disease, and breast cancer
Le, MG
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/721a
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:122/4/721b1985-10-01HighWireOUPamjepid:122:4
Re: Mortality of widowed vs. married
Brenner, JL
Bearman, JE
Brown, BW
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1985-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/122/4/721b
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Copyright (C) 1985, Oxford University Press