2024-03-28T19:12:44Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/6752015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
Progress Against Cancer: An Epidemiologic Assessment: The 1991 John C. Cassel Memorial Lecture
Doll, Richard
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/675
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/6892015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
Using Dead Controls to Adjust for Confounders in Case-Control Studies
Howe, Geoffrey R.
REVIEWS AND COMMENTARY
The use of dead controls in a case-control study, the primary purpose of which is to control for confounding, leads to consistent relative risk estimates within stratum of the confounder, even if the causes of death of controls are associated with that confounder. Dead controls may be more comparable to dead cases in terms of data quality, and therefore, under these circumstances, the use of dead controls may be advantageous.
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/689
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/6912015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
Maternal Alcohol Use in Relation to Selected Birth Defects
Werler, Martha M.
Lammer, Edward J.
Rosenberg, Lynn
Mitchell, Allen A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The hypothesis that maternal alcohol consumption affects the development of structures possibly derived from a common embryonic cell population, the cranial neural crest, was explored using data collected by a case-control surveillance program of birth defects in greater Boston, Philadelphia, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and in five counties in Iowa from 1983 through 1987. Maximum and average alcohol consumption during the first four lunar months of pregnancy were compared between the mothers of 1,464 infants with malformations of the ear, face, anterior neck, and upper heart (cranial neural crest cases) and 1,427 infants with other malformations (controls). For maximum number of drinks in a day and average number of drinking days per week, relative risks approximated unity across levels of exposure. For average number of drinks per drinking day, the relative risk (and 95% confidence interval) for heavy intake (5 or more drinks) was 1.8 (0.8–4.4). When the largest defect subgroup of cases, infants with cleft lip with or without cleft palate, was considered separately, the relative risk for an average of 5 or more drinks per drinking day was 3.0 (1.1–8.5). These findings suggest that maternal alcohol use is less related to overall malformations derived from cranial neural crest cell than to one specific defect among them—cleft lip with or without cleft palate. However, the latter association has not been reported previously in humans and remains to be confirmed in other studies.
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/691
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/6992015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
Smoking Cessation in Relation to Cardiac Procedures
Crouse, John R.
Hagaman, Amy P.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
In order to compare smoking cessation associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery (surgery) with that associated with other cardiac procedures (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (angioplasty) or angiography alone), the authors contacted, in 1985–1988, 135 patients (smokers at baseline) at Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, one year or more following one or the other of these procedures and obtained a follow-up smoking history. One year after the procedure, 55% of surgery patients, 25% of angioplasty patients, and 14% of angiography patients reported that they were nonsmokers (ρ < 0.025 and ρ < 0.001 for surgery vs. angioplasty or angiography, respectively). These results persisted after control for the number of vessels with stenosis of ≥50%. These data provide rationale for continued monitoring of behavior change throughout the course of clinical trials in which surgical and non-surgical interventions are compared with one another, and support the importance of evaluating effects of exposure to various cardiac procedures in studies of smoking behavior in coronary heart disease patients.
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/699
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/7042015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
The Accuracy of Self-reported Hearing Loss in Women Aged 60-85 Years
Clark, Kathleen
Sowers, MaryFran
Wallace, Robert B.
Anderson, Charles
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The accuracy of self-report in identifying individuals with hearing impairment was evaluated in 1988 in 267 women from rural Iowa. Using pure-tone threshold audiometry as the standard, self-reported hearing loss was a sensitive and specific indicator of measured losses of 40 decibel hearing level for pure-tone averages of either 1,000 and 2,000 Hz or 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 Hz (sensitivities, 90% and 84%; specificities, 71 % and 75%, respectively). Predictive values positive were low (28% and 42%) in this population where hearing loss prevalence was 11–18%, but would be increased to acceptable levels in populations with a prevalence of approximately 30%.
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/704
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/7092015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
BOOK REVIEWS
Schwartz, Brian
Stewart, Walter
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/709
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Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/7112015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
BOOK REVIEWS
Monk, Mary
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/711
en
Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/7132015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
PROCEEDINGS: of the Society for Epidemiologic Research
PROCEEDINGS AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH, BUFFALO, NEW YORK, JUNE 11-14, 1991
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/713
en
Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:134/7/7142015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:134:7
ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING: of the Society for Epidemiologic Research
PROCEEDINGS AND ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE TWENTY-FOURTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE SOCIETY FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESEARCH, BUFFALO, NEW YORK, JUNE 11-14, 1991
Oxford University Press
1991-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/134/7/714
en
Copyright (C) 1991, Oxford University Press