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oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/4132015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
Efficacy of a Single Oral Dose of 200,000 IU of Oil-soluble Vitamin A in Measles-associated Morbidity
Rosales, Francisco J.
Kjolhede, Chris
Goodman, Steven
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors assessed the efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of 200,000 IU of vitamin A in oil to treat acute non-xerophthalmic measles patients. Acute measles patients who did not require hospitalization were enrolled in a randomized, double-masked, clinical trial of vitamin A (<it>n</it> = 90) versus placebo (<it>n</it> = 110) carried out in Ndola, Zambia, in 1991. Measles-associated morbidity was defined by the presence of signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Daily evaluations for the first 3 days were followed by weekly visits for a month at urban health centers. Baseline demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics were similar in both groups. Cross-sectional analysis of morbidity status, by group, at each weekly evaluation showed no significant differences until week 4, when more placebo-treated patients had cough or pneumonia (<it>p</it> = 0.005). However, longitudinal analysis, which looked at changes among individuals and controlled for initial health status, showed more equivocal results. The odds ratio for the development of pneumonia in patients with measles cough in vitamin A-treated subjects was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.30–1.80). The odds ratio for the development of measles-associated cough or pneumonia in asymptomatic measles patients was 0.52 (95% Cl 0.24%1.13), in favor of vitamin A, but the odds ratio for failing to improve from pneumonia in vitamin A-treated subjects was 1.23(95% Cl 0.68–2.3), a result in favor of placebo. These results suggest that the evidence for the efficacy of one dose of vitamin A in oil to prevent measles complications is not as strong as that previously shown for two 200,000 IU doses of water-miscible vitamin A, and that the WHO recommendation may need to be reexamined. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:413–22.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/413
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008761
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Evaporative Cooling and Other Home Factors and Lower Respiratory Tract Illness during the First Year of Life
Aldous, Michael B.
Holberg, Catharine J.
Wright, Anne L.
Martinez, Fernando D.
Taussig, Lynn M.
Group Health Medical Associates,
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) is associated with exposure to various environmental factors. The relation between home environment and LRI in infants was studied with the use of data from the Children's Respiratory Study in Tucson, Arizona. Healthy infants from a health maintenance organization were recruited at birth (1980–1984). Analysis was restricted to one infant per family, and to those followed through the first year (n = 936). Environmental data were collected at enrollment, and clinicians diagnosed LRI according to predetermined criteria. During the first year of life, 196 infants (21%) had wheezing LRI, and 60 (6%) had nonwheezing LRI. The risk of wheezing LRI was higher in infants with evaporative home cooling (24%) than in those without evaporative home cooling (15%) (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.0); this association was stronger among infants who lived with other children in the home. The risk of nonwheezing LRI was associated with parents' rating of neighborhood dustiness, ranging from 5% in the least dusty environments to 12% in the dustiest (<it>p</it> for trend = 0.002). Neither association could be explained by confounding factors. LRI was not related to the type of home heating, cooking fuel, or the numbers of indoor dogs or cats. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996; 143:423–30.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/423
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008762
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Incidence of Complications in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Survival Analysis
Lloyd, Cathy E.
Becker, Dorothy
Ellis, Demetrius
Orchard, Trevor J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors used 4-year incidence data from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study to investigate the wider applicability of recent research findings that demonstrate an association between glycemic control and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) complications. EDC subjects participated in a clinical examination at baseline (1986–1988) and were followed up every 2 years. Results demonstrated that, during the first 4 years of follow-up, subjects who were in “poor” control (glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) ≥11%) at baseline were significantly (<it>p</it> < 0.001) more likely to develop microalbuminuria, proliferative retinopathy, and distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSP), compared with subjects who were in “fair” control (GHb <11%). Subjects who were in poor control were somewhat more likely to develop overt nephropathy (<it>p</it> = 0.08) and renal failure (<it>p</it> = 0.085) during follow-up; however, no associations were observed with either coronary heart disease or lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). These results confirm the strong association between prior glycemic control and the onset of microalbuminuria, proliferative retinopathy, and DSP observed in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial study. However, the results of the study suggest weaker associations for the later stages of renal disease, and little relation was seen between glycemic control and LEAD or coronary disease. Other risk factors may be more important for the development of the later complications of IDDM. Further follow-up is necessary in order to rule out type II error. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:431–41.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/431
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008763
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Mortality in Micronesian Nauruans and Melanesian and Indian Fijians Is Not Associated with Obesity
Hodge, Allison M.
Dowse, Gary K.
Collins, Veronica R.
Zimmte, Paul Z.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The association of obesity with mortality was investigated in population-based samples of Micronesian Nauruans (<it>n</it> = 1,400), Melanesian Fijians (<it>n</it> = 1,279), and Indian Fijians (<it>n</it> = 1,182), over 10 years from 1982 in Nauru, and 11 years from 1980 in Fiji. At the end of follow-up, vital status was known for all Nauruans and all but 3.5% of Fijians. Mortality rates were higher in Nauru than Fiji, and in Melanesians than Indians. The mean body mass index of decedents was similar to or less than (Nauruan men, <it>p</it> < 0.001) that of survivors in each sex-ethnic group. Crude mortality rates showed an inverse relation with body mass index in Nauruan men, with inconsistent relations in other sex-ethnic groups. After stratification by diabetes status, there was no relation between mortality and obesity in nondiabetic subjects, but an inverse relation was observed among diabetic subjects in each population. These findings persisted even after the exclusion of subjects who died within the first 2 years of follow-up. After controlling for age, smoking, and diabetes status in Cox proportional hazard models, body mass index (as a continuous variable) was not related to mortality in any sex/ethnic group and tended to be negatively associated with mortality risk. Interactions of body mass index with age, smoking, and diabetes status were not significant. Mortality risk was significantly increased in older subjects and in diabetic subjects, and cigarette smoking also increased risk in some groups. Stratification of analyses according to cigarette smoking did not alter the nature of the results. The association of mortality and body mass index categorized by quartiles was also investigated. After adjusting for age alone, or age, smoking, and diabetes status, the lower quartiles of body mass index were consistently associated with the highest relative risk for mortality. Quadratic terms for body mass index did not improve Cox models in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Relations with cardiovascular disease mortality were also assessed and results were inconsistent, although positive trends were observed in Nauruan women (<it>p</it> = 0.02) and Melanesian men (<it>p</it> = 0.06). Overall, there was little evidence to suggest that obesity was a risk factor for total or cardiovascular mortality in these populations. However, obesity is clearly associated with a high risk of diabetes and other morbid conditions and at least on this basis it would seem desirable to prevent obesity in these and other Pacific populations. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996; 143:442–55
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/442
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008764
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/4562015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
Magnesium in Drinking Water and Death from Acute Myocardial Infarction
Rubenowitz, Eva
Axelsson, Gösta
Rylander, Ragnar
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The relation between death from acute myocardial infarction and the level of magnesium in drinking water was examined using mortality registers and a case-control design. The study area comprised 17 municipalities in the southern part of Sweden that have different magnesium levels in the drinking water. Cases were men in the area who had died of acute myocardial infarction between ages 50 and 69 years during the period 1982–1989 (<it>n</it> = 854). The controls were men of the same age in the same area who had died from cancer during the same time period (<it>n</it> = 989). In both groups, only men who consumed water supplied from municipal waterworks were included in the study. The subjects were divided into quartiles according to the drinking water levels of magnesium and calcium and the quotient between magnesium and calcium. The odds ratios for death from acute myocardial infarction in the groups were inversely related to the amount of magnesium in drinking water. For the group with the highest levels of magnesium in drinking water, the odds ratio adjusted for age and calcium level was 0.65 (95 percent confidence interval 0.50–0.84). There was no such relation for calcium. For the magnesium/calcium quotient, the odds ratio was lower only for the group with the highest quotient. These data suggest that magnesium in drinking water is an important protective factor for death from acute myocardial infarction among males. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:456–62.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/456
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008765
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Association of Serum Total Cholesterol with Coronary Disease and All-Cause Mortality: Multivariate Correction for Bias Due to Measurement Error
Iribarren, Carlos
Sharp, Dan
Burchfiel, Cecil M.
Sun, Ping
Dwyer, James H.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Measurement error in the exposure under investigation is an important but often ignored source of bias in observational studies. The authors examined the impact of measurement error in the association between total serum cholesterol and 16-year coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 6,137 middle-aged men of Japanese descent in the Honolulu Heart Program (1973–1988). A Cox regression model that enables modeling of survival time with correction for measurement errors in multiple covariates was employed. After controlling for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, alcohol consumption, dietary cholesterol, and total calorie intake, a difference of one standard deviation (38 mg/dL) in total cholesterol was associated with a significant increase in the risk of coronary disease death (uncorrected hazard ratio = 1.35). After correction for measurement errors in total cholesterol and covariates (except smoking and age), the estimated hazard ratio increased to 1.65 (a 22% increase). A U-shaped relation was observed between total cholesterol levels and the risk of all-cause mortality. This association was then examined with a quadratic model and with a two-slope or V-shaped regression model. In the quadratic fit, the magnitude of the quadratic total cholesterol term increased threefold after the adjustment for measurement error. In the V fit, the hazard ratio of all-cause death corresponding to a change in one standard deviation above 214 mg/dL (the nadir of the V) was 1.15, and increased to 1.49 (by 29%) after the correction. The corresponding hazard ratio of a change in one standard deviation below 214 mg%dL was 1.11, and increased to 1.37 (by 23%) after the correction. The authors conclude that the impact of elevated total cholesterol on the risk of coronary disease and all-cause mortality may be greater than previously estimated with standard methods of analysis. In addition, the correction for measurement error in total cholesterol and covariates did not explain the excess mortality associated with low total cholesterol. More research is needed to elucidate the fundamental issues underlying the U-shaped association, i.e., confounding versus causal implications. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:463–71.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/463
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008766
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/4722015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
Protein Consumption and Bone Fractures in Women
Feskanich, Diane
Willett, Walter C.
Stampfer, Meir J.
Colditz, Graham A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Dietary protein increases urinary calcium losses and has been associated with higher rates of hip fracture in cross-cultural studies. However, the relation between protein and risk of osteoporotic bone fractures among individuals has not been examined in detail. In this prospective study, usual dietary intake was measured in 1980 in a cohort of 85,900 women, aged 35–59 years, who were participants in the Nurses' Health Study. A mailed food frequency questionnaire was used and incident hip (<it>n</it> = 234) and distal forearm (<it>n</it> = 1,628) fractures were identified by self-report during the following 12 years. Information on other factors related to osteoporosis, including obesity, use of postmenopausal estrogen, smoking, and physical activity, was collected on biennial questionnaires. Dietary measures were updated in 1984 and 1986. Protein was associated with an increased risk of forearm fracture (relative risk (RR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.04–1.43, <it>p</it> for trend = 0.01) for women who consumed more than 95 g per day compared with those who consumed less than 68 g per day. A similar increase in risk was observed for animal protein, but no association was found for consumption of vegetable protein. Women who consumed five or more servings of red meat per week also had a significantly increased risk of forearm fracture (RR = 1.23, 95% Cl 1.01–1.50) compared with women who ate red meat less than once per week. Recall of teenage diet did not reveal any increased risk of forearm fracture for women with higher consumption of animal protein or red meat during this earlier period of life. No association was observed between adult protein intake and the incidence of hip fractures, though power to assess this association was low. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996; 143:472–9.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/472
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008767
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Radiation Exposure, Socioeconomic Status, and Brain Tumor Risk in the US Air Force: A Nested Case-Control Study
Grayson, J. Kevin
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
A nested case-control study was used to investigate the relation between a range of electromagnetic field exposures and brain tumor risk in the US Air Force. Cumulative extremely low frequency and radiofrequency/microwave electromagnetic field potential exposures were estimated from a job-exposure matrix developed for this study. Ionizing radiation exposures were obtained from personal dosimetry records. Men who were exposed to nonionizing electromagnetic fields had a small excess risk for developing brain tumors, with the extremely low frequency and radiofrequency/microwave age-race-senior military rank-adjusted odds ratios being 1.28 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 0.95–1.74) and 1.39 (95% Cl 1.01–1.90), respectively. By contrast, men who were exposed to ionizing radiation had an age-race-senior military rank-adjusted odds ratio of 0.58 (95% Cl 0.22–1.52). These results support a small association between extremely low frequency and radio-frequency/microwave electromagnetic field exposure and no association between ionizing radiation exposure and brain tumors In the US Air Force population. Military rank was consistently associated with brain tumor risk. Officers were more likely than enlisted men to develop brain tumors (age-race-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.11, 95% Cl 1.48–3.01), and senior officers were at increased risk compared with all other US Air Force members (age-race-adjusted OR = 3.30, 95% Cl 1.99–5.45). <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996; 143:480–6.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/480
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008768
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/4872015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
Relation between Geographic Variability in Kidney Stones Prevalence and Risk Factors for Stones
Soucie, J. Michael
Coates, Ralph J.
McClellan, William
Austin, Harland
Thun, Michael
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
To determine whether geographic variability in rates of kidney stones in the United States was attributable to differences in personal and environmental exposures, the authors examined cross-sectional data that included information on self-reported, physician-diagnosed kidney stones collected from 1,167,009 men and women, aged ≥30 years, recruited nationally in 1982. Information on risk factors for stones including age, race, education, body mass, hypertension, and diuretic and vitamin C supplement use was obtained by self administered questionnaire. Consumption of milk, coffee, tea, soft drinks, and alcohol was based on food frequency data. Indices of ambient temperature and sunlight level were assigned to subjects based on state of residence. Stones were nearly twice as prevalent in the Southeast as in the Northwest among men and women. Ambient temperature and sunlight indices were independently associated with stones prevalence after controlling for other risk factors for stones. Regional variation was eliminated for men and greatly reduced for women after adjustment for temperature, sunlight, and beverage consumption. Other factors appeared to not contribute to regional variation. These results provide evidence that ambient temperature and sunlight levels are important risk factors for stones and that differences in exposure to temperature and sunlight and beverages may contribute to geographic variability. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:487–95.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/487
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008769
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/4962015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
Effectiveness of Contact Isolation during a Hospital Outbreak of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Jernigan, John A.
Titus, Maureen G.
Gröschel, Dieter H. M.
Getchell-White, Sandra I.
Farr, Barry M.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Contact isolation has been recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the prevention of nosocomial transmission of methicillin-resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it> (MRSA), but there are few data which prospectively quantitate the effectiveness of contact isolation for this purpose. During an outbreak of MRSA in a neonatal intensive care unit between July 18, 1991 and January 30, 1992, weekly surveillance cultures were performed on all patients. Sixteen of 331 admissions became colonized with MRSA, and 3 (19%) developed infections: bacteremia, conjunctivitis, and dialysis catheter site infection. The isolates from all 16 patients were submitted to plasmid profile analysis and restriction enzyme analysis of whole cell DNA. All of the patients had identical chromosomal patterns and plasmid profiles, which differed from control isolates from other wards, indicating that the outbreak resulted from spread of a unique strain. None of 144 personnel who were cultured after recent contact with newly colonized patients during the outbreak were found to carry MRSA, which suggests that patients were the reservoir for transmission rather than caregivers. The most probable source for each individual transmission was determined based on proximity in time and space and shared exposure to caregivers. The rate of transmission of MRSA from patients on contact isolation was significantly lower (0.009 transmissions per day on isolation) than the rate for patients not on isolation (0.140 transmissions per day unisolated, relative risk = 15.6, 95% confidence interval 5.3–45.6, <it>p</it> < 0.0001). The authors conclude that the risk of nosocomial transmission of MRSA was reduced 16-fold by contact isolation during the outbreak in this neonatal intensive care unit. These data confirm the results of previous studies which have suggested that contact isolation was effective in controlling the epidemic spread of methicillin-resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Epidemiol</it>1996;143:496–504.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/496
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008770
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Patterns of Prenatal Growth among Infants with Cardiovascular Malformations: Possible Fetal Hemodynamic Effects
Rosenthal, Geoffrey L.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
This study characterized fetal growth differences among control infants (<it>n</it> = 276) and infants with dtransposition of the great arteries (TGA) (<it>n</it> = 69), tetralogy of Fallot (<it>n</it> = 66), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (<it>n</it> = 51), and coarctation of the aorta (<it>n</it> = 65), thus permitting assessment of competing theories about the relation between these cardiovascular malformations and fetal growth disturbance. Subjects were liveborn singletons without genetic or extra-cardiovascular structural abnormalities sampled from the Baltimore Washington Infant Study. Multivariate analysis of covariance was performed: birth weight, birth length, newborn head circumference, and two nonlinear functions of these measures were regressed jointly on a diagnostic class variable and covariates. Differences in the vectors of dependent variable means across diagnostic groups were striking (<it>p</it> < 0.0001). Infants with TGA had normal birth weight, but lesser head volume relative to birth weight. Infants with tetralogy of Fallot were smaller in all measured dimensions, but they were shaped normally. Infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were smaller in all measured dimensions, and head volume was disproportionately small relative to birth weight. Infants with coarctation of the aorta had lower birth weight, shorter birth length, and greater head volume relative to birth weight. These findings suggest that fetal circulatory abnormalities may predict abnormal patterns of fetal growth. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:505–13.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008771
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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Measurement of Exposure to Nutrients: An Approach to the Selection of Informative Foods
Mark, Steven D.
Thomas, Donald G.
Decarli, Adriano
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Frequently, epidemiologic questionnaires are designed to measure several individual level exposures, including exposure to one or more nutrients. Although most nutrients are contained in a large number of foods, constraints on questionnaire length permit the inclusion of only a subset of these. In this paper, the authors review the two common methods of food selection, and they propose two new methods. When the intent is to estimate the effect of the nutrient on disease risk using a logistic regression model, the authors show that their Max_<it>r</it> method is optimal. With the use of case-control data, they examine the assumption of non-differential measurement error that is essential to the validity of all analyses that rely on shortened questionnaires. They conclude by combining the statistical considerations developed for judging adequacy of a selection method with their empirical results and suggest new goals for dietary questionnaires and a new approach to questionnaire construction consistent with those goals. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;143:514–21.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/514
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008772
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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RE: "ECOLOGIC STUDIES--BIASES, MISCONCEPTIONS, AND COUNTEREXAMPLES"
Richardson, Sylvia
Guihenneuc-Jouyaux, Chantal
Lasserre, Virginie
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/522
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008773
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/523-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
RE: "DETERMINANTS OF HIV DISEASE PROGRESSION AMONG HOMOSEXUAL MEN REGISTERED IN THE TRICONTINENTAL SEROCONVERTER STUDY" AND "PROGRESSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) INFECTION AMONG HOMOSEXUAL MEN IN HEPATITIS B VACCINE TRIAL COHORTS IN AMSTERDAM, NEW YORK CITY, AND SAN FRANCISCO, 1978-1991"
Zwahlen, Marcel
Vlahov, David
Hoover, Donald R.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/523-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008775
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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THE AUTHORS REPLY
Greenland, Sander
Robins, James M.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/523
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008774
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5252015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
VEUGELERS ET AL. REPLY
van Griensven, Godfried J. P.
Veugelers, Paul J.
Page-Shafer, Kimberley A.
Kaldor, John M.
Schechter, Martin T.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/525
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008776
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
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HESSOL ET AL. REPLY
Bacchetti, Peter
Koblin, Beryl A.
van Griensven, Godfried J. P.
Hessol, Nancy A.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/526
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008777
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5272015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
ERRATA
ERRATUM
Dr. Polly A. Newcomb and colleagues have informed the <it>Journal</it> that they have discovered an error in their recently published article (1). The error occurs on page 789 in the second full paragraph, where the time period should read “April 1988 through December 1991” <it>not</it> “April <it>1989</it> through December 1991,” i.e., the full sentence should read: “Cases were identified by each state's cancer registry from April 1988 through December 1991, except for New Hampshire, where subjects were enrolled beginning in January 1990.” The authors and the <it>Journal</it> regret this error.
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/527
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008778
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5292015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
BOOK REVIEWS
Smit, Henriëtte A.
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/529
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008779
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5312015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
BOOK REVIEWS
Liberati, Alessandro
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/531
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008780
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5322015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
BOOK REVIEWS
Campbell, M. J.
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/532
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008781
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:143/5/5332015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:143:5
BOOK REVIEWS
Campbell, M. J.
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-03-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/143/5/533
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008782
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press