2024-03-28T21:38:27Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6232015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Exposure to Styrene and Mortality from Nervous System Diseases and Mental Disorders
Welp, Esther
Kogevinas, Manolis
Andersen, Aage
Bellander, Tom
Biocca, Marco
Coggon, David
Esteve, Jacques
Gennaro, Valerio
Kolstad, Henrik
Lundberg, Ingvar
Lynge, Elsebeth
Partanen, Timo
Spence, Alan
Boffetta, Paolo
Ferro, Gilles
Saracci, Rodolfo
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Chronic low-dose exposure to solvents has been associated in epidemiologic studies with chronic neurotoxicity, but the evidence is not consistent. Styrene causes acute disturbances in the central and peripheral nervous systems. To determine if exposure to styrene may contribute to chronic diseases of the central nervous system, the authors examined mortality from nervous system diseases, mental disorders, and suicide in relation to styrene exposure in an international historical cohort study. The cohort involved 35,443 workers employed during 1945–1991 in the reinforced plastics industry, where high exposures to styrene occur. Indicators of exposure were reconstructed through job histories and environmental and biologic monitoring data Poisson regression was used for internal comparisons. Mortality from diseases of the central nervous system (27 deaths) increased with time since first exposure, duration of exposure, average level of exposure, and cumulative exposure to styrene. A quadratic model described best the dose-response shape for cumulative exposure and duration of exposure with the highest risks at around 300 ppm-years and 5 years, respectively, and a subsequent decrease in risk in the highest exposure categories. Mortality from epilepsy increased monotonically with all styrene exposure indicators, while associations for degenerative diseases of the central nervous system were generally weaker. Mortality from mental disorders and suicide decreased with increasing duration of exposure and cumulative exposure, while there was no trend with time since first exposure and average exposure to styrene. These findings suggest that, in addition to the known acute effects, exposure to styrene may contribute to chronic diseases of the central nervous system. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:623–33.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/623
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008973
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6342015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Longitudinal Analysis of the Association between Depressive Symptomatology and Cognitive Deterioration
Dufouil, Carole
Fuhrer, Rebecca
Dartigues, Jean-François
Alpérovitch, Annick
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Although many studies have found a cross-sectional relation between depression and dementia or depressive symptomatology and cognitive functioning, the direction of the association is still unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether high depressive symptomatology is predictive of cognitive deterioration among the elderly 3 years later. Data came from a community-based prospective cohort study of noninstitutionalized and nondemented subjects aged 65 years and over living in the Gironde departement in southwest France (1, 600 subjects were interviewed at both study entry in 1989 and 3-year follow-up). Cognitive functions were assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive deterioration was defined as an MMSE score decrease of at least five points between two assessments. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to evaluate the level of depressive symptomatology. The present study reports that a high level of depressive symptomatology is not predictive of cognitive deterioration 3 years later (relative risk = 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.3–2.1). The authors observed that the risk of cognitive deterioration was associated with the concomitant level of depressive symptomatology at the 3-year follow-up, independent of depressive symptoms at entry. These results indicate that the association between high depressive symptomatology and poor cognitive functioning is cross-sectional, and they illustrate the importance of adjusting for depressive symptomatology in epidemiologic studies assessing cognitive functions. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:634-41.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/634
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008974
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6422015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Caffeine Intake and Endogenous Sex Steroid Levels in Postmenopausal Women The Rancho Bernardo Study
Ferrini, Rebecca L
Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Caffeine intake has been associated with risk of osteoporosis, breast cancer, endometriosis, and fibrocystic breast disease and has been hypothesized to exert its effects through alteration of endogenous hormone levels. This study examined the cross-sectional association of caffeine intake with endogenous androgens, estrogens, and sex hormone-binding globulin in 728 white postmenopausal women aged 42–90 years in the Rancho Bernardo community-based study in 1984–1987. Caffeine intake was inversely associated with age and waist/hip ratio and positively associated with alcohol consumption. Significant inverse associations were noted between caffeine intake and bioavailable testosterone, which persisted after adjustment for age, waist/hip ratio, body mass index, alcohol intake, cigarette smoking, and physical activity (<it>r</it> = ∼0.10, <it>p</it> = 0.02). At high doses (equivalent to more than 2 cups of coffee or four cans of caffeinated soda daily), caffeine intake was positively associated with plasma estrone before and after adjustment for confounders (<it>r</it> = 0.26, <it>p</it> = 0.05). Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were positively associated with increasing caffeine intake (adjusted <it>r</it> = 0.09, <it>p</it> = 0.03). The positive association of caffeine with estrone and its inverse association with bioavailable testosterone suggest that caffeine's reported association with several chronic conditions may be mediated by an effect on endogenous sex steroids. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:642-4.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/642
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008975
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6452015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Diethylstilbestrol and Risk of Fatal Breast Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of US Women
Calle, Eugenia E.
Mervis, Cynthia A.
Thun, Michael J.
Rodriguez, Carmen
Wingo, Phyllis A.
Heath, Clark W.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors examined the association between the use of diethylstilbestrol during pregnancy and the risk of subsequent fatal breast cancer in a large prospective study of US adults. After 9 years of follow-up, 1,574 cases of fatal breast cancer were observed among 501,536 gravid women who reported no prior history of cancer in 1982. Results from Cox proportional hazards models showed a positive association between a history of diethylstilbestrol exposure (reported by 3.9% of all women) and fatal breast cancer (adjusted rate ratio = 1.34,95% confidence interval 1.06–1.69). This excess risk did not increase over time; women who were exposed more than 35 years ago (rate ratio = 1.35,95% confidence interval 0.97–1.87) were not at greater risk than women who were exposed within the past 35 years (rate ratio = 1.39,95% confidence interval 1.01–1.93). The positive association was not observed in women who used diethylstilbestrol before age 25 years but was seen at all other ages. The age of study participants did not modify the association between exposure and breast cancer, and there were no significant interactions between ever use of diethylstilbestrol and any of the other potential risk factors included in the analysis. These findings are consistent with those of several other studies of diethylstilbestrol exposure and breast cancer. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:645–52.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/645
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008976
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6532015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Toenail Trace Element Levels and Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
Garland, Miriam
Morris, J. Steven
Colditz, Graham A.
Stampfer, Meir J.
Spate, Victoria L.
Baskett, Connie K.
Rosner, Bernard
Speizer, Frank E.
Willett, Walter C.
Hunter, David J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The associations between toenail levels of five trace elements and breast cancer risk were studied among a cohort of 62, 641 US women who provided toenail clippings and were free from diagnosed breast cancer in 1982. Among 433 cases of breast cancer identified during 4 years of follow-up and their matched controls, the odds ratios comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles and adjusted for established breast cancer risk factors were as follows: for arsenic, 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–1.91); for copper, 0.91 (95% CI 0.59–1.42); for chromium, 0.96 (95% Cl 0.61–1.52); for iron, 0.89 (95% CI 0.56–1.40); and for zinc, 1.09 (95% CI 0.70–1.70). Among postmenopausal women, a marginally significant positive association was observed between toenail chromium levels and breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 1.71, 95% Cl 0.87–3.35) (<it>p</it> for trend = 0.07). However, the association between chromium and breast cancer risk was inverse among premenopausal women. Although data on the validity of toenail levels of certain of these elements are limited, these results do not provide evidence for an important effect of arsenic, copper, chromium, iron, or zinc on breast cancer risk. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:653–60.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/653
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008977
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6612015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Ethnic Variation in the Incidence of Stomach Cancer in Illinois, 1986-1988
Cho, Nam H.
Moy, Claudia S.
Davis, Faith
Haenszel, William
Ahn, Yoon-Ok
Kim, Heomin
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Wide ethnic and geographic variation in stomach cancer incidence has been reported in Eastern and Western countries. Stomach cancer is reported to be the most common malignant neoplasm in Asia, specifically, China, Japan, and Korea. In contrast, stomach cancer incidence in the United States among Caucasians is low and among blacks, moderate to low. Only one other study has directly compared the rates of stomach cancer in the three ethnic groups (i.e., white, African American, and immigrant Korean) living in the same region. The authors extend their investigation by comparing the incidence rate of stomach cancer among the same three ethnic groups in the state of Illinois from 1986 to 1988. In this study, the Incidence of stomach cancer was observed to be lowest in whites, intermediate in African Americans, and highest in immigrant Koreans. The overall 3-year cumulative incidence rate from 1986 to 1988 was 62.6/100,000 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 38.6–86.7), 28.2/100,000 (95% Cl 25.7–31), and 22.5/100,000 (95% Cl 21.5–23.5) for immigrant Koreans, African Americans, and whites, respectively. The 3-year age-adjusted cumulative incidence rate for immigrant Koreans (172/100,000) was approximately four- and eightfold higher than for African Americans (41/100,000) and whites (21/100,000). The incidence of stomach cancer increased as a function of age in both sexes. Although a higher rate was observed in males than in females, these rates were four- and eightfold higher in African Americans and Immigrant Koreans, when compared with their white counterparts in both sexes. Despite a substantial reduction of stomach cancer incidence in the United States and other Western countries, it remains the most frequent malignancy in native and immigrant Koreans. The high rate of stomach cancer in immigrant Koreans compared with African Americans and white populations residing in Illinois indicates either a drastically disproportionate undercount of immigrant Koreans in the 1990 census or a profound genetic-environmental interaction. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:661–4.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/661
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008978
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6652015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Relation between Residence in the Southeast Region of the United States and Stroke Incidence: The NHANES I Epidemiologic Followup Study
Gillum, Richard F.
Ingram, Deborah D.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
For at least 50 years, stroke death rates have been higher in the southeast region of the United States than in other US regions. To test the hypotheses that stroke incidence is higher in the Southeast than in other regions and that higher levels of known stroke risk factors in the Southeast explain the difference in incidence, data were analyzed from a nationally representative, longitudinal cohort study of a sample drawn from the US population, the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Followup Study (1971–1987). In white men and women aged 45–74 years, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in the Southeast than the Northeast or the West in men and the Midwest in women. In white men, this excess risk could not be explained by regional differences in multiple stroke risk factors (Northeast vs. Southeast risk-adjusted relative risk = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.98). In white women, some of the excess risk associated with residence in the Southeast compared with the Midwest could be explained by the regional differences in risk factors measured in NHANES I (Midwest vs. Southeast risk-adjusted relative risk = 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.53–1.00). In blacks, regional differences that were statistically significant could not be demonstrated. However, a strong association of increased stroke risk with nonmetropolitan residence in blacks was demonstrated that was independent of region or other stroke risk factors. Higher stroke incidence rates in the Southeast contribute to the higher stroke mortality rates in that US region. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:665–73.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/665
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008979
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6742015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Acculturation and Prevalence of Diabetes among Japanese-American Men in Hawaii
Huang, Boji
Rodriguez, Beatriz L.
Burchfiel, Cecil M.
Chyou, Po-Huang
Curb, J. David
Yano, Katsuhiko
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The association between acculturation to a Western lifestyle and prevalence of diabetes was examined among 8, 006 Japanese-American men in Hawaii with varying degrees of exposure to traditional Japanese social and cultural lifestyles in 1965–1968. A reduced prevalence of diabetes was observed among the men who had retained a more Japanese lifestyle. These men also reported higher levels of physical activity and consumed more carbohydrates and less fat and animal protein in their diet. An inverse association between diabetes and being bom in Japan was observed independent of age, body mass Index, physical activity, and percentages of calories from fat or carbohydrates (odds ratios = 0.67 and 0.66, 95% confidence intervals 0.49–0.93 and 0.48–0.91, respectively). The number of total years lived in Japan was inversely associated with prevalent diabetes after controlling for age, body mass index, and physical activity (odds ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval 0.68–0.96). Current Oriental diet (compared with Western diet) was inversely associated with prevalent diabetes after controlling for age, body mass index, and physical activrty (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.98). These findings suggest that living a Japanese lifestyle is associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetes. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:674–81.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/674
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008980
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6822015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Dynamics in East Africa Deduced from Surveillance Data
Stonebumer, Rand L.
Low-Beer, Daniel
Tembo, George S.
Mertens, Thierry E.
Asiimwe-Okiror, Godwin
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) incidence patterns in East African HIV epidemics like that in Uganda is fundamental for guiding interventions and forecasting the future course of the pandemic, yet they are difficult to determine from surveillance data. The authors deduce hypotheses of HIV incidence dynamics from birth cohort analyses of Ugandan acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) incidence from 1987 to 1992 and from the age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted disease: an age dependency for HIV risk; a period effect of varying HIV incidence growth; and a replenishment of HIV-susceptible populations through demographic renewal. The hypotheses are tested by incorporating them into a model that generates patterns of HIV incidence, prevalence, and AIDS cases that are consistent with empiric data. When applied to Uganda, the modeled HIV incidence is characterized by a short temporal concentration of high incidence, followed by a decline, stabilization, and concentration in younger ages. The ensuing HIV dynamics result in a rapid build-up and subsequent stabilization of prevalence and mortality in years 10 and 13, respectively, after epidemic onset. When this model is used to forecast scenarios from 1980 to 2000, HIV prevalence declines in some populations, which is different from earlier scenarios. The techniques presented provide an empiric basis to better direct interventions, forecast epidemic impacts, and evaluate determinants of changing incidence and prevalence patterns. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:682–95.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/682
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008981
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/6962015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Analysis of Case-Parental Control Studies: Method for the Study of Associations between Disease and Genetic Markers
Flanders, W. Dana
Khoury, Muin J.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Case-control studies using parents of case subjects as the control subjects provide an innovative way to study associations of genetic markers with disease risk. This approach, sometimes called the haplotype-relative risk method, has received recent attention because the use of parents as control subjects may reduce or eliminate the confounding associated with differences in race, ethnicity, or genetic background. We provide a new method for analysis of such case-parental control studies. The method of analysis is noniterative and yields simple estimates of risk ratios associated with genetic markers. It easily accommodates the situation in which data are available from only one parent. Although we illustrate the approach for a locus with two alleles, the analyses extend immediately to loci wrth multiple alleles. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:696–703.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/696
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008982
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7042015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
Randomized Trial of Leaving Messages on Telephone Answering Machines for Control Recruitment in an Epidemiologic Study
Koepsell, Thomas D.
McGuire, Valerie
Longstreth, W. T.
Nelson, Lorene M.
Belle, Gerald van
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
To determine whether leaving messages on answering machines would aid control recruitment via random-digit telephone dialing, a randomized trial was conducted during 1992–1994 involving 1,323 western Washington households with answering machines. For the experimental group, a message was left informing them about the study and promising a call-back; for the control group, no message was left. Leaving a message increased the response rate by about 20 percentage points (<it>p</it> = 0.002). More households were successfully screened for eligible controls, and individuals found eligible were more likely to participate. Leaving a message can help to improve response rates in telephone surveys. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1996;144:704–6.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/704
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008983
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/707-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Berwick, Marianne
Chen, Ya-Tomg
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/707-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008985
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7072015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
RE: "RELIABILITY OF REPORTED SUNBURN HISTORY IN A CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA"
Gefeller, Olaf
Brenner, Hermann
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008984
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/708-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
THREE AUTHORS REPLY
Rich-Edwards, Janet W.
Manson, Joann E.
Hennekens, Charles H.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/708-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008987
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7082015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
RE: "HEIGHT AND THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN WOMEN"
Walker, Mary
Phillips, Andrew
Shaper, A. G.
Whincup, Peter
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/708
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008986
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/709-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Tsai, Yih-Jian
Wang, Jung-Der
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/709-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008989
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7092015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
RE: "CASE-CONTROL STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF HELMETS FOR THE PREVENTION OF HEAD INJURIES AMONG MOTORCYCLE RIDERS IN TAIPEI, TAIWAN"
Povey, W. George
Arsenault, Gillian
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/709
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008988
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7112015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
BOOK REVIEWS
Drotman, D. Peter
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/711
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008990
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7122015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
BOOK REVIEWS
Allison, David B.
Faith, Myles S.
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/712
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008991
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7142015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
BOOK REVIEWS
Westrin, Claes-Göran
BOOK REVIEWS
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/714
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008992
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:144/7/7162015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:144:7
ERRATUM
ERRATUM
Dr. Dieter Flesch-Janys et al. have informed the <it>Journal</it> that some of the results published in their paper on polychlorinated dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) and mortality in German workers from a herbicide-producing plant (1) contain a computational error. It was detected while preparing new data analyses in collaboration with Dr. H. Becher and Dr. K. Steindorf of the German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany, who also computed the corrected estimates. The error had occurred in the computation of the time between birth and the end of observation for the PCDD/F-exposed cohort of chemical workers (the old follow-up date, December 31, 1989, was used instead of the new one, December 31, 1992). The error affected the estimated relative risks using an unexposed cohort of workers as the reference group (tables 3 and 4 in the originally published paper). The relative risk estimates for the internal comparison (tables 5-7) remain substantially unchanged. The corrected estimates for table 4 of the original paper are presented in the accompanying table. The corrected relative risk estimates are slightly lower than those originally reported. Thus, some confidence intervals in the lower dose regions now include one. However, the pattern of the dose-response relations for total and cancer mortality remains unchanged, and the trend tests still are significant. For mortality due to ischemic heart diseases, a numeric increase now is first observed for the subgroup of toxic equivalencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-<it>p</it>-dioxins and -furans (TOTTEQ) with more than 278 ng/kg of blood fat. The conclusion of the paper, “the results of this cohort study support the hypothesis of a dose-related effect of PCDD/F on cancer and ischemic heart diseases mortality” (1, p. 1174), remains unaffected. A corrected version of the paper can be requested from Dr. D. Flesch-Janys, Medical Center for Chemical Workers' Health, Fuhlsbuttler Str. 401, D-22309 Hamburg, Germany. The <it>Journal</it> regrets this computational error and apologizes for any inconvenience this may have caused readers.
Oxford University Press
1996-10-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/144/7/716
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008993
en
Copyright (C) 1996, Oxford University Press