2024-03-28T18:28:25Zhttp://open-archive.highwire.org/handler
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2032015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Syringe Exchange and Risk of Infection with Hepatitis B and C Viruses
Hagan, Holly
McGough, James P.
Thiede, Hanne
Weiss, Noel S.
Hopkins, Sharon
Alexander, E. Russell
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors utilized a cohort study among Seattle injection drug users (IDUs) to assess whether participation in a syringe exchange program was associated with incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Susceptible IDU subjects (187 seronegative for antibody to HCV, and 460 seronegative for core antibody to HBV) were identified in drug treatment, corrections, and social service agencies from June 1994 to January 1996, and followed for seroconversion one year later. The subjects included in the analysis were Seattle-King County (Washington State) area IDUs enrolled in a larger multipurpose cohort study, the Risk Activity Variables, Epidemiology, and Network Study (RAVEN Study). There were 39 HCV infections (20.9/100/year) and 46 HBV infections (10.0/100/year). There was no apparent protective effect of syringe exchange against HBV (former exchange users, relative risk (RR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2–2.5; sporadic exchange users, RR = 2.4, 95% CI 0.9–6.5; regular users, RR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.7–4.8; vs. RR = 1.0 for nonusers of the exchange; adjusted for daily drug injection). Neither did the exchange protect against HCV infection (sporadic users, RR = 2.6, 95% CI 0.8–8.5; regular users, RR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.8–2.2; vs. RR = 1.0 for nonusers; adjusted for recent onset of injection and syringe sharing prior to enrollment). While it is possible that uncontrolled confounding or other bias obscured a true beneficial impact of exchange use, these data suggest that no such benefit occurred during the period of the study. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:203–13.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/203
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009792
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2142015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Invited Commentary: Needle Exchange--No Help for Hepatitis?
Moss, A. R.
Hahn, J. A.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/214
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009793
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2172015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Reply to "Invited Commentary: Needle Exchange--No Help for Hepatitis?" by Moss and Hahn
Hagan, Holly
Weiss, Noel S.
Thiede, Hanne
Hopkins, Sharon
McGough, James P.
Alexander, E. Russell
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/217
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009794
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2192015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Physical Activity in Elderly Subjects with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus
Baan, C. A.
Stolk, R. P.
Grobbee, D. E.
Witteman, J. C. M.
Feskens, E. J. M.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors carried out a study to investigate the association between different indicators of physical activity and the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and newly diagnosed diabetes (nDM) in a population-based cohort of elderly men and women in the Netherlands. A sample of participants of the Rotterdam Study (<it>n</it> = 1,016) aged 55–75 years who were not known to have diabetes mellitus underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Physical activity was assessed by means of a self-administered questionnaire and expressed as time spent on activities per week. Associations with the prevalence of IGT and nDM were assessed by logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, family history of diabetes, and smoking. A total of 745 subjects had normal glucose tolerance, 153 IGT, and 118 nDM. The total amount of time spent on physical activity decreased with increasing glucose intolerance. Adjusted for main confounders, vigorous activities such as bicycling (men: odds ratio (OR) = 0.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.49; women: OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.18–0.78) and sports (men: OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.74) showed an inverse association with the presence of nDM. For IGT, the associations pointed in the same direction but did not reach statistical significance. These results indicate that physical inactivity and glucose intolerance are associated among older adults similar to the way they are associated among middle-aged adults. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:219–27.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/219
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009795
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2282015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Comparison of Performance-based and Self-rated Functional Capacity in Spanish Elderly
Ferrer, Montserrat
Lamarca, Rosa
Orfila, Francesc
Alonso, Jordi
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Recent data have shown differences between Spain and the United States in the prevalence of reported disability among community elderly. Differences in reporting functional capacity by culture may contribute to these observed differences. The purpose of this study was to estimate the agreement between self-report of disability and performance-based measures for some basic mobility tasks in the community-dwelling elderly of a Mediterranean country. Interviews containing questions about difficulty for walking and rising from a chair, and performance-based measures (walking speed and chair stand tests) were carried out in 626 individuals aged 72 years and older in Barcelona, Spain. Kappa statistics were calculated, and logistic regression models were constructed to identify possible factors associated with under- and overreporting functional capacity. Moderate kappas (0.41–0.55) were found between self-report and performance-based measures. Patients who rated their health as “poor or very poor” were less likely to underreport disability (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.2, 0.4) but more likely to overreport it (adjusted OR = 23.4, 9.9). No significant agreement differences by sex or informant source were found. These findings suggest that Spanish elderly self-report functional capacity accurately and that, contrary to previous results among US elderly, the direction of the observed disagreement is not systematic. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:228–35.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009796
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2362015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Use of Simple Measures of Physical Activity to Predict Stress Fractures in Young Men Undergoing a Rigorous Physical Training Program
Shaffer, Richard A.
Brodine, Stephanie K.
Almeida, Sandra A.
Williams, Karen Maxwell
Ronaghy, Sara
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Among a population of randomly selected US Marine Corps recruits at Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, the authors developed a screening tool to identify individuals at high risk for lower extremity stress fracture when beginning a rigorous physical training program. The screening tool was developed among 1,286 recruits, then tested and refined among 1,078 additional recruits. The refined algorithm, consisting of five physical activity questions and a 1.5-mi (2.4-km) run time, revealed that 21.6% of “high risk” subjects suffered more than three times as many stress fractures as “low risk” subjects. These data suggest that risk of stress fracture during rigorous physical training is increased by poor physical fitness and low levels of physical activity prior to their entry into the program. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:236–42.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/236
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009797
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2432015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Exposure to Environmental and Mainstream Tobacco Smoke and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion
Windham, Gayle C.
Von Behren, Julie
Waller, Kirsten
Fenster, Laura
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors examined the risk of spontaneous abortion from environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in a prospective study of over 5,000 women conducted in California during 1990–1991. Among nonsmokers, there was little association by hours of ETS exposure at home or work (adjusted odds ratio (OR) for any exposure = 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–1.27), or by paternal smoking. However, the risks associated with ETS exposure were increased among nonsmokers who had moderate alcohol or heavy caffeine consumption. A moderate association with maternal smoking was observed (adjusted OR for ≥5 cigarettes per day = 1.3, 95% CI 0.91–1.9). <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:243–7.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/243
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009798
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2482015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Oral Clefts, Transforming Growth Factor Alpha Gene Variants, and Maternal Smoking: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Denmark, 1991-1994
Christensen, Kaare
Olsen, Jøm
Nørgaard-Pedersen, Bent
Basso, Olga
Støvring, Henrik
Milhollin-Johnson, Lisa
Murray, Jeffrey C.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Studies in the United States have indicated that maternal first trimester smoking and infant transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) locus mutations are associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) and that a synergistic effect of these two risk factors occurs. Based on a Danish case-control study of CLP, the authors studied the effects of smoking and TGFA alleles in an ethnically homogeneous setting. Interview information was obtained for mothers of 302 CLP cases (96% of eligible) and for 567 mothers of nonmalformed children (94% of eligible). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that smoking was associated with a moderately increased risk of cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL(P)) (odds ratio = 1.40, 95% confidence interval 0.99–2.00). No association between smoking and isolated cleft palate (CP) was observed. TGFA genotype was not associated with either CL(P) or CP, and no synergistic effect with smoking was observed. The “rare” TGFA allele occurred in 25% of both cases and controls compared with an average of 14% in other white control groups. Furthermore, the frequency of CLP in Scandinavia is among the highest in the world. Hence, it is possible that the previously reported association between TGFA and CLP to some degree can be attributable to confounding by ethnicity. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:248–55.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/248
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009799
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2562015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Association between Duration of Obesity and Risk of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: The Sotetsu Study
Sakurai, Yutaka
Teruya, Koji
Shimada, Naoki
Umeda, Takashi
Tanaka, Hiroyuki
Muto, Takashi
Kondo, Takefumi
Nakamura, Kou
Yoshizawa, Nobuyuki
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The authors investigated the association between duration of obesity (ordinary obesity as body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) ≥25.0 and extreme obesity as BMI ≥27.8) and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Male employees of a railway company, aged 30 years or older, observed for 10 years or more, free from serious disease conditions, with initial BMI <25.0, aged 30 years or more at the time diabetes was diagnosed, and with complete data, were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses (<it>n</it> = 1,598). Age-adjusted odds ratios for diabetes were significantly increased among males who were obese for 10–19.9 years and ≥20 years (odds ratios = 2.10 and 2.84 for ordinary obesity and 6.14 and 4.15 for extreme obesity, respectively). Additional adjustment for current obesity, physical activity, smoking, drinking, family history, and observation period did not change the findings remarkably. In conclusion, ≥10 years duration of ordinary obesity or ≥1 year of extreme obesity was an important predictor for diabetes independent of age, current obesity, physical activity, smoking, drinking, family history, and observation period. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:256–60.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/256
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009800
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2612015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Analytical and Biologic Variability in Measures of Hemostasis, Fibrinolysis, and Inflammation: Assessment and Implications for Epidemiology
Sakkinen, Pamela A.
Macy, Elizabeth M.
Callas, Peter W.
Cornell, Elaine S.
Hayes, Timothy E.
Kuller, Lewis H.
Tracy, Russell P.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
An increasing number of cardiovascular epidemiologic studies are measuring non-traditional risk markers of disease, most of which do not have established biovariability characteristics. When biovariability data have been reported, they usually represent a short time period, and, in any case, there is little consensus on how the information should be used. The authors performed a long-term (6-month) repeated measures study on 26 healthy individuals, and, using a nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach, report on the analytical (CV<inf>A</inf>), intraindividual (CV<inf>1</inf>), and between individual (CV<inf>G</inf>) variability of 12 procoagulant, fibrinolysis, and inflammation assays, including total cholesterol for comparison. The results suggest acceptable analytical variability (CV<inf>A</inf> ≤ 1/2 CV<inf>1</inf>) for all assays. However, there was a large range of intraindividual variation as a proportion of total variance (2–78%), and adjusting for intraindividual and between individual variation in bivariate correlations increased the observed correlation by more than 30 percent for three of these assays. Overall, the assays showed a significant increase in intraindividual variation over 6 months (<it>p</it> < 0.05). While these findings suggest that most of these assays have biovariability characteristics similar to cholesterol, there is variation among assays. Some assays may be better suited to epidemiologic studies, and knowledge of an assay's biovariability data may be useful in interpreting simple statistics, and in designing multivariate models. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:261–7.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/261
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009801
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2682015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Parallel Analyses of Individual and Ecologic Data on Residential Radon, Cofactors, and Lung Cancer in Sweden
Lagarde, Frédéric
Pershagen, Göran
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Divergent results from ecologic and analytic studies on residential radon and lung cancer have created uncertainty in terms of risk assessment. The authors performed concurrent analyses on individual and aggregated data from the nationwide case-control study of residential radon and lung cancer in Sweden. For data aggregated on the county level, the ecologic excess relative risk estimates per 100 Bqm−3 residential radon concentration ranged from −0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.21 to 0.15) to 0.00 (95% CI −0.21 to 0.21) with different adjustment for cofactors. For individual-level data, the average within-county excess relative risk estimates ranged from 0.07 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.15) to 0.11 (95% CI 0.01–0.27) with similar adjustment. Effect modification by differential county-level radon-smoking correlations appeared insufficient as an explanation for ecologic bias in the Swedish data. On the other hand, adjustment for latitude led to congruence between the two levels of analysis. The results confirm that ecologic studies may be misleading in studies of weak associations, even when major risk factors are accounted for. The large impact of latitude may be unique to Sweden and due to the correlation of latitude both with residential radon and other determinants of lung cancer risk. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:268–74.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/268
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009802
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2752015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Are Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy Users Different from Short-term and Never Users?
Buist, Diana S. M.
LaCroix, Andrea Z.
Newton, Katherine M.
Keenan, Nora L.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
The characteristics that differentiate long-term (≥10 years) hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users from short-term (<10 years) users and nonusers are not well documented. The epidemiology of long-term HRT use was investigated within a random samples survey of 703 women aged 50–80 years who were members of Group Health Cooperative (GHC) of Puget Sound. Women who had been menopausal for ≥10 years comprised the study population. Long-term HRT users (29.4 percent) were compared with short-term (28.1 percent) and never users (42.5 percent). The authors examined the association between duration of HRT use and demographic characteristics, personal and family medical history, menopausal symptoms, information used in decision making, attitudes toward HRT, provider encouragement to use HRT, and GHC utilization. Compared with never users, the strongest correlates of long-term HRT use were having a hysterectomy before or after menopause, positive attitudes espousing the benefits of HRTs, and perceived provider encouragement to use HRT. Long-term HRT use was not associated with educational attainment, ethnicity, body mass index, health status, physical activity, or family medical history. Correlates commonly associated with HRT use, such as higher education, greater physical activity and functioning, and lower chronic disease comorbidity, did not significantly distinguish long-term from short-term users. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:275–81.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/275
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009803
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2822015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Accuracy of ICD-9-CM Codes in Detecting Community-acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia for Incidence and Vaccine Efficacy Studies
Guevara, Ramon E.
Butler, Jay C.
Marston, Barbara J.
Plouffe, Joseph F.
File, Thomas M.
Breiman, Robert F.
ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTIONS
Studies have used medical record discharge data as coded by the <it>International Classification of Diseases</it>, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to estimate pneumococcal pneumonia incidence and vaccine efficacy. However, the accuracy of coding data to identify laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia is not known. With the use of information collected in Ohio for a community-based pneumonia incidence study, the authors calculated the sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of specific codes for pneumococcal pneumonia among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Sensitivities of the most common ICD-9-CM codes listed in the first five positions for patients with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia were 58.3% (code 481.0, pneumococcal pneumonia), 20.4% (38.0, streptococcal septicemia), 19.2% (38.2, pneumococcal septicemia), 15.0% (518.81, respiratory failure), 14.2% (486.0, pneumonia, organism unspecified), and 11.3% (482.3, streptococcal pneumonia). Using the first five listed ICD-9-CM codes rather than just the first listed code increased sensitivity without causing substantial change in specificity, PPV, and NPV. Sensitivity, PPV, and NPV of individual and groups of codes varied with different case definitions of pneumococcal pneumonia. Incidence and vaccine efficacy studies with the ability to validate diagnoses by medical chart review can use a combination of many ICD-9-CM codes to maximize sensitivity. However, without the ability to review medical charts, researchers must carefully decide which codes would best suit their studies. <it>Am J Epidemiol</it> 1999;149:282–9.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/282
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009804
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/290-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
RE: "MALE PESTICIDE EXPOSURE AND PREGNANCY OUTCOME"
James, William H.
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/290-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009806
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2902015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
RE: RESIDUAL CONFOUNDING
Olsen, Jørn
Basso, Olga
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/290
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009805
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2912015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Savitz, David A.
Curtis, Kathryn M.
Arbuckle, Tye
Kaczor, Diane
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/291
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009807
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/292-a2015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
THE AUTHORS REPLY
Varas-Lorenzo, Cristina
García-Rodríguez, Luis Alberto
Cattaruzzi, Chiara
Troncon, Maria Grazia
Agostinis, Luisa
Perez-Gutthann, Susanne
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/292-a
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009809
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2922015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
RE: "HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND RISK OF HOSPITALIZATION FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY IN SOUTHERN EUROPE"
Oger, Emmanuel
Scarabin, Pierre-Yves
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
text/html
http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009808
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/2932015-05-11HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
RE: "CONTROLLED TRIAL OF THE EFFECT OF LENGTH, INCENTIVES, AND FOLLOW-UP TECHNIQUES ON RESPONSE TO A MAILED QUESTIONNAIRE"
ERRATUM
The editors of the <it>Journal</it> have been informed by Sandra C. Hoffman of an error in her recently published paper (1). The word “monetary” was inadvertently substituted for the word “non-monetary” in describing the incentive given to persons who answered a self-administered mailed questionnaire. The error occurred in the following places in the published paper: p. 1007, abstract, lines 5 and 7; p. 1008, col. 1, line 4; p. 1009, col. 2, line 6; and p. 1010, col. 1, lines 4, 5, and 8. The authors and the <it>Journal</it> regret any inconvenience this error may have caused.
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/293
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009810
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/290a1999-02-01HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Re: Residual confounding
Olsen, J
Basso, O
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/290a
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Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press
oai:open-archive.highwire.org:amjepid:149/3/290b1999-02-01HighWireOUPamjepid:149:3
Re: "Male pesticide exposure and pregnancy outcome"
James, WH
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
Oxford University Press
1999-02-01 00:00:00.0
TEXT
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http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/149/3/290b
en
Copyright (C) 1999, Oxford University Press